chapter 2: the cell and its functions guyton and hall, textbook of medical physiology, 12 edition
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and
General Physiology
Chapter 2: The Cell and Its Functions
Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12 edition
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Organization of the Cell
• Water• Ions• Proteins• Lipids• Carbohydrates
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Physical Structure of the Cell
• The Cell Membrane
a. Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic)b. Peripheral proteinsc. Integral proteinsd. Membrane carbohydrates (glycocalyx)
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Cytoplasm and Its Organelles
• Endoplasmic reticuluma. Smooth and rough
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Organelles (cont.)
• Ribosomes
• Golgi Apparatus
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Organelles (cont.)
• Lysosomes
• Peroxisomes
• Secretory Vesicles
• Mitochondria
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Organelles (cont.)
• Cell Cytoskeletona. Microtubulesb. Intermediate filamentsc. Microfilaments
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Organelles (cont.)
• Nucleus
• Nuclear membrane and nucleopores
• Nucleoli and the formation of ribosomes
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Functional Systems of the Cell
• Endocytosis
a. Pinocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Function of the lysosome
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Pinocytosis
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Phagocytosis
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Functional Systems (cont.)
• Synthesis and Formation of Cellular Structures
a. Proteins formed by the Rough ERb. Synthesis of lipids by the Smooth ERc. Other functions of the ER
• Specific Functions of the Golgi Apparatus
a. Processing of ER secretionsb. Formation of vesiclesc. Formation of lysosomesd. Replenishing cellular membranes
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Functions of the Mitochondria
• Production of ATP
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Mitochondria (cont.)
Chemical Processes inthe formation of ATP
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Mitochondria (cont.)
Uses of ATP for Cellular Function
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Locomotion of Cells
• Ameboid Movement
a. Mechanism of ameboid locomotionb. Control of movementc. Types of cells involved
• Cilia and Ciliary Movements