Chapter 2, Section 1Chemical Compounds in

CellsTuesday, September 29, 2009

Pages 52 -- 55

Objectives

Describe the four main kinds of organic molecules in living things.Explain how water is essential to the functioning of cells.

Vocabulary Words

ElementAtomCompoundMoleculeOrganic compoundInorganic compoundProtein

Amino acidEnzymeCarbohydrateLipidNucleic acidDNARNA

Elements and Compounds

ElementAny substance that cannot be broken down.

AtomThe smallest unit of an element.

CompoundMade up of 2 or more elements chemically combined.

MoleculesThe smallest unit of a compound.

Organic/Inorganic Compounds

Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon.

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids are important groups of organic compounds.

Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not contain carbon.

Water, sodium chloride are examples of inorganic compounds.Exception is Carbon Dioxide.

Proteins

Proteins are large organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.Cells use protein to form parts of the membrane.Cells make up many of the organelles.Proteins also build body structure (muscles).

Protein Structure

Protein molecules are made up of amino acids.

It is the various combinations of 20 common amino acids.The type of amino acid and the order in which they are linked will determine the type of protein.

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Peacock feathers are made mainly of proteins.

Enzymes

An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.

Carbohydrates

A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound.

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.Sugars and starches are examples.

Carbohydrates help make up cell walls and cell membranes.

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These are unstained starchgranules from a potato.

Lipids

Lipids contain the most energy (more than carbs!).

They are energy-rich organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.The cell stores energy in lipids for later use. Lipids are critical to cell division and fusion.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids are large organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.Nucleic Acids contain the instructions the cells need to carry out its functions.2 kinds of nucleic acid.

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Water and Living Things

Water makes up roughly 2/3 of your body.Chemical reactions will not take place without water.Water helps cells keep their size and shape.Water helps stabilize our internal environment.

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Homework

Workbook, 2.1 -- Due on Thursday, 10/1.Make a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA on the paper provided. Use color -- this will be posted on the wall! -- Due Wednesday, 9/30.