chapter 2 on the motherboard
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The Complete A+ Guide to PC Repair 5/e. Chapter 2 On the Motherboard. Chapter Objectives. Define the purpose of the major components on a motherboard including the BIOS, clock, front side bus, and expansion slots. Recognize and identify the motherboard, CPU and expansion slots. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2On the Motherboard
Chapter 2On the Motherboard
The Complete A+ Guideto PC Repair 5/e
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• Define the purpose of the major components on a motherboard including the BIOS, clock, front side bus, and expansion slots.
• Recognize and identify the motherboard, CPU and expansion slots.
• Explain the basic operation of a processor and issues to consider when upgrading it.
• Identify methods to add functionality to portable devices.
• Compare and contrast motherboard expansion slots.
• Learn the benefits of active listening.
• Explain different motherboard technologies such as HyperTransport, HyperThreading and multi-core.
Chapter ObjectivesChapter Objectives
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Microprocessor (or processor)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Clones – IBM compatibles
PC (Personal Computer) Another name for the
microcomputer
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Processor OverviewProcessor Overview
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Byte TableByte Table
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Binary PrefixesBinary Prefixes
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Processor BasicsProcessor Basics
Gigahertz (GHz)Gigahertz (GHz)
Register Size Register Size
BusBus
The number of bits processed at one time by the processor. Counted in multiples of 8 bits, such as 8-, 16-, and 32-bit register size. Sometimes referred to as word size by the computer industry. Processors today have 64-bit or 128-bit register sizes.
Hertz is a measurement of cycles per second (or frequency). One hertz equals one cycle per second. One gigahertz (1GHz) is one billion cycles per second.
Electronic lines to move the 1s and 0s inside the computer.
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Processor BasicsProcessor Basics
Internal Data Bus
External Data Bus
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Processor BasicsProcessor Basics
Internal and External Data Buses.
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Intel ProcessorsIntel Processors
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AMD ProcessorsAMD Processors
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Cache memory that is located
inside the processor.
Cache memory that is inside the
processor packaging but not part of the
CPU, also known as on-die cache.
Cache memory located in the CPU housing
or on the motherboard.
Cache - A fast type of memory designed to increase the speed of microprocessor operations.
CacheCache
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CacheCache
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ClockingClocking
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ClockingClocking
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Combines two CPUs on a single unit.
Dual-core CPU
Tri-core CPU
Quad-core CPU
Combines three processors in a single unit.
Two dual-core CPUs installed on the same motherboard or two dual-core CPUs installed in a single socket.
Another way to speed up operations is to have two or more processors.
Multi-core ProcessorsMulti-core Processors
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Multi-core ProcessorsMulti-core Processors
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Sockets and SlotsSockets and Slots
• has staggered holes so more pins can be inserted
• used by AMD
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Sockets and SlotsSockets and Slots
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Processor CoolingProcessor Cooling
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Heat SinksHeat Sinks
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Processor CoolingProcessor Cooling
Correct Air Flow
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Processor CoolingProcessor Cooling
Incorrect Air Flow
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Installing ProcessorsInstalling Processors
Computer is off Computer is off and and
unplugged.unplugged.
Computer is off Computer is off and and
unplugged.unplugged.
Use antistatic Use antistatic wrist strap and wrist strap and
attach to a ground attach to a ground on computer.on computer.
Use antistatic Use antistatic wrist strap and wrist strap and
attach to a ground attach to a ground on computer.on computer.
Remove old Remove old processor by processor by
lifting ZIF socket lifting ZIF socket retaining lever.retaining lever.
Remove old Remove old processor by processor by
lifting ZIF socket lifting ZIF socket retaining lever.retaining lever.
Insert CPU into Insert CPU into socket (fits socket (fits
only one way).only one way).
Insert CPU into Insert CPU into socket (fits socket (fits
only one way).only one way).
Configure motherboard Configure motherboard by jumpers or BIOS by jumpers or BIOS
software configuration software configuration (refer to manual for (refer to manual for
exact steps).exact steps).
Configure motherboard Configure motherboard by jumpers or BIOS by jumpers or BIOS
software configuration software configuration (refer to manual for (refer to manual for
exact steps).exact steps).
Always hold the CPU Always hold the CPU by the edges to avoid by the edges to avoid bending or touching bending or touching the pins underneath. the pins underneath.
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Installing ProcessorsInstalling Processors
This figure shows This figure shows an AMD CPU an AMD CPU
being installed. being installed. Notice how the ZIF Notice how the ZIF
socket lever is socket lever is raised.raised.
This figure shows This figure shows an AMD CPU an AMD CPU
being installed. being installed. Notice how the ZIF Notice how the ZIF
socket lever is socket lever is raised.raised.
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In order to overclock, you must have the motherboard documentation to determine whether the system board
supports different CPU speeds and different multipliers.
OverclockingOverclocking
Is changing the front side bus speed and/or multiplier to
boost CPU and system speed.
Is changing the front side bus speed and/or multiplier to
boost CPU and system speed.
This can cause damage to the
CPU, motherboard,
or other components.
This can cause damage to the
CPU, motherboard,
or other components.
Overclocking ProcessorsOverclocking Processors
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MMX, SSE and 3DNow!MMX, SSE and 3DNow!
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Expansion SlotsExpansion Slots
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ISA (Industry Standard ArchitectureISA (Industry Standard Architecture
• ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) – The oldest expansion slot, is configured in 8-Bit and 16-Bit slots.
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PCI (Peripheral Component InterconnectPCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect
• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) – The previously popular expansion slot. PCI comes in four varieties: 32-bit 33MHz, 32-bit 66MHz and 64-bit 33MHz.
• Another standard is the PCI-X which can operate at 66MHz, 133MHz, 266MHz, 533MHz and 1066MHz.
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AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
AGP – Bus interface for AGP – Bus interface for graphics adapters graphics adapters developed developed
from the PCI bus.from the PCI bus.
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AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
• Speeds up 3-D graphics,
3-D acceleration and full-
motion playback.
• The video subsystem is
isolated from the rest of the
computer.
• Allows the video adapter to
directly access RAM on the
motherboard when needed.
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Newer technology
Full duplex
Serial interface
Assigns “lanes” for use by an adapter
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PCIe OverviewPCIe Overview
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PCIePCIe
• Different Slot sizes that represent the maximum number of lanes assigned to the slot.
• x1• x4• x8• x16
• A PCIe adapter requires a minimum number of lanes
•An x4 PCIe adapter works in a PCIe x4, x8 or x16 expansion slot.
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PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect-ExpressPCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect-Express
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PCIePCIe
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32-bit, 33MHz standard was developed to allow PCI upgrades and interface cards to be added to laptops, docking stations and printers.
Mini PCI
Mini PCIe
ExpressCard
Manufacturers are now starting to use 52-pin mini PCIe cards.
High-performance, hardware expansion standard for mobile computers.
Laptop ExpansionLaptop Expansion
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Connector on the Connector on the motherboard for motherboard for
combination combination audio and modem audio and modem adapters without adapters without taking up a PCI taking up a PCI
slotslot..
Not only supports Not only supports audio, modem audio, modem
and networking, and networking, but also supports but also supports DSL modems. DSL modems.
AMRAMR CNRCNR ACRACR
Allows integration Allows integration
of network card of network card
functions with sound functions with sound
and modem.and modem.
More Motherboard ConnectorsMore Motherboard Connectors
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Chipsets are the principle chips on the motherboard that work in conjunction with the processor and allow specific features.
Chipsets control…Chipsets control…
ChipsetsChipsets
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ChipsetsChipsets
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Types of MotherboardsTypes of Motherboards
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Upgrading and Replacing MotherboardsUpgrading and Replacing Motherboards
• There are several issues to be taken into account when upgrading a motherboard
• Memory• Adapter types• Type of case• Processor• Chipsets• Hard drive • Power supply• Future upgrade-ability
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Motherboard TroubleshootingMotherboard Troubleshooting
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Soft Skills—Active ListeningSoft Skills—Active Listening
Active listening is participating in a conversation where you focus on what the customer is saying—in other words, listening more than talking. For a technician, active listening has the following benefits:
•Allows you to gather data and symptoms quickly• Allows you to build customer rapport• Improves your understanding of the problem•Allows you to solve the problem quicker because you understand the problem better•Provides mutual understanding between you and your customer• Provides a means of having a positive, engaged conversation rather than having a negative,•confrontational encounter• Focuses on the customer rather than the technician• Provides an environment where the customer might be more forthcoming with information•related to the problem
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Questions???Questions???