chapter 2: measurement and problem solving. practice measuring according to significant figures
TRANSCRIPT
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Section 3: MeasurementChapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
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Learning ObjectivesPractice measuring according to significant figures.
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Measurement What is the volume of
water in the graduated cylinder in mL?
How many sigfigs is this? How many L is this? Express this number in
sci. notation.
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Measurement Always take the measurement to one decimal
place past the smallest gradation (tic mark) Graduated cylinders
▪ Beakers/flasks/bottles /etc. are NOT used for measuring! Measure the volume of liquids ONLY with a graduated cylinder
Rulers
When using the electronic balance, record the entire number on the screen
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21.75 mL
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2.65 cm
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3.53 cm
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Measurement The bathroom
scale has markings at every 1 lb. Report the reading to the correct number of digits.
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MeasurementThe unit system for
science measurements, based on the metric system, is called the International System of Units or SI units.
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MeasurementThe standard of length
The definition of a meter, established by international agreement in 1983, is the distance that light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 s. (The speed of light is 299,792,458 m/s.)
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MeasurementThe standard of mass
The kilogram is defined as the mass of a block of metal kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres, France. A duplicate is kept at the National Institute of Standards and Technology near Washington, D.C.
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MeasurementThe kilogram is a measure of mass, which
is different from weight. The mass of an object is a measure of the
quantity of matter within it.
The weight of an object is a measure of the gravitational pull on that matter.
Consequently, weight depends on gravity while mass does not.
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Measurement
The standard of time The second is defined, using an atomic clock, as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation emitted from a certain transition in a cesium-133 atom.
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