Chapter 2: Film StructureChapter 2: Film Structure

The Production ProcessThe Production Process

Pre-ProductionPre-Production ProductionProduction Post-ProductionPost-Production

Pre-ProductionPre-Production

ScriptScript Hiring of cast and crewHiring of cast and crew Set design and costume designSet design and costume design Pre-plan cinematographyPre-plan cinematography Rehearsals Rehearsals

ProductionProduction

Shooting and sound recording of scenesShooting and sound recording of scenes Music scoringMusic scoring

Post-ProductionPost-Production

Editing of sound and imageEditing of sound and image FoleyFoley ADRADR Digital effectsDigital effects Lab timingLab timing Release printsRelease prints

Camera PositionCamera Position

Long shotLong shot Establishing shotEstablishing shot

Medium shotMedium shot Close upClose up

Conveying emotionConveying emotion

Camera AngleCamera Angle

LowLow MediumMedium HighHigh TiltTilt

Camera LensCamera Lens

Focal length and depth of fieldFocal length and depth of field Lens types:Lens types:

Wide angleWide angle NormalNormal TelephotoTelephoto ZoomZoom

Wide angleWide angle Large angle of view and depth of fieldLarge angle of view and depth of field

Telephoto Telephoto Smaller angle of view and depth of fieldSmaller angle of view and depth of field

Zoom Zoom Variable focal length creates illusion of camera Variable focal length creates illusion of camera

movementmovement

Camera Movement (Types)Camera Movement (Types)

Pan and tiltPan and tilt Dolly/trackingDolly/tracking Boom/craneBoom/crane

Camera Movement (Functions)Camera Movement (Functions)

Reveal action (enlarge perspective)Reveal action (enlarge perspective) Emphasize detail (concentrate perspective)Emphasize detail (concentrate perspective) Create drama and excitementCreate drama and excitement Convey ideasConvey ideas

Film Structure and Viewer PerceptionFilm Structure and Viewer Perception

Cinema’s dual capability:Cinema’s dual capability: Perceptual correspondencePerceptual correspondence Perceptual transformationPerceptual transformation

Cinema builds upon – and goes beyond – Cinema builds upon – and goes beyond – the visual and social experiences of its the visual and social experiences of its viewersviewers