chapter 2 evolution of management thoughtggomez/ch02.pdftitle microsoft powerpoint - ch02 author...
TRANSCRIPT
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Pamela S. LewisStephen H. Goodman
Patricia M. Fandt
Slides Prepared byZulema Seguel© Copyright ©2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning.
All rights reserved.
CH
APTER
2
Evolution of Management Thought
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Environmental Factors
• Economic Influences
• Social Influences
• Political Influences
• Technological Influences
• Global Influences
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Schools of Management Thought
Classical Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Quantitative Perspective
Systems Perspective
Contingency Perspective
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Chronological Development of Management Thought
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Classical Perspective
Scientific Management
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Classical Perspective
Administrative Management
Scientific Management
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Classical Perspective
Administrative Management
Bureaucratic Management
Scientific Management
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Scientific Management: F. W. Taylor
“The one best way”
–Task Performance–Supervision–Motivation
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Task Performance
– Development of work standards
– Selection of workers
– Training of workers
– Support of workers
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Supervision
“Functional Foremanship”
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Motivation
Money
• A standard wage rate
• Production output
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Scientific Management: F. Gilbreth
• Bricklaying studies
• Therbligs
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Scientific Management: L. Gilbreth
• Working conditions
• Efficiency and productivity
• Standard work days
• Lunch breaks and rest periods
• Child labor
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Classical Perspective
Administrative Management
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Administrative Management: H. Fayol
• Managerial functions
• 14 General Principles
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Classical Perspective
Bureaucratic Management
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Bureaucratic Management
Organizational system
– Rules
– Policies and procedures
– Fixed hierarchy
– Division of labor
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Bureaucratic Management: M. Weber
• Division of labor• Hierarchy of authority• Rules and procedures• Impersonality• Employee selection and
promotion
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Weber’s Forms of Authority
• Traditional authority
• Charismatic authority
• Rational-legal authority
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Schools of Management Thought
Classical Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Quantitative Perspective
Systems Perspective
Contingency Perspective
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Perspective?
Classical Behavioral
vs.
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Behavioral Perspective
– Mary Parker Follett– Elton Mayo– Douglas McGregor– Chester Barnard
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Mary Parker Follet
– Coordination
– Harmonize
– Empower
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Elton Mayo
• Hawthorne Experiments
• Productivity
• Human relations
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Hawthorne Effect
Performance is influenced by human behavior factors
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Douglas McGregor
• Theory X
• Theory Y
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Chester Barnard
• Establish communications
• Establish clear objectives
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Schools of Management Thought
Classical Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Quantitative Perspective
Systems Perspective
Contingency Perspective
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Quantitative Perspective
• Decision-Making Focus• Measurable Criteria• Quantitative Model• Computers
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Schools of Management Thought
Classical Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Quantitative Perspective
Systems Perspective
Contingency Perspective
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Systems Perspective
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Properties of Systems
• Environmental interaction
• Synergy
• Entropy
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Schools of Management Thought
Classical Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Quantitative Perspective
Systems Perspective
Contingency Perspective
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Contingency Perspective
• No one best approach
• Managers are responsible
• Identify key contingencies
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Joan Woodward
Organizational Technology
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Joan Woodward
SmallSmall--Batch TechnologyBatch Technology
MassMass--Production TechnologyProduction Technology
ContinuousContinuous--Process TechnologyProcess Technology
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Info-Tech & Management Style
Computers Communications Equipment
Quantitative & Systems Perspectives Classical Perspective
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Future Issues
• Diversity
• Globalization
• Quality
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William Ouchi
• Japanese management approach
• Theory Z
• Trust employees