chapter 2 ethics and methods © 2008 mcgraw-hill higher education. all right reserved
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2
Ethics and Methods
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All right reserved.
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Anthropological Approach
Holistic perspective
Cultural relativity
Cross-cultural comparisons
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Terms for Chapter 2
Ethnocentric
Adaptation
Ethnography
EthnologyEmic – insiders view
Etic – outsiders view
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All right reserved.
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Ethics and Anthropology
American Anthropological Association
Code of EthicsInformed consent
Collaborative relationships
Inclusion of host country colleagues in planning, funding requests, and dissemination of results
“Giving something back”
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Western Science Methods
AnalysisInductive
Deductive
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Scientific Method
Data
Hypothesis
Theory/Law
Publish
Methods Empirical observations
Objective
Subjective
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Methods in Cultural Anthropology
Two brief categories of investigationEthnographic
Comparative
Each one has two partsPresent
Recent past
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Ethnographic Methods
Fieldwork Deals with the present time
Primary method of collecting data
Three main methods for fieldworkParticipant Observation
Interview
Media
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Ethnohistory
Deals with people in recent past
Get data from the textual sources
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Comparative Methods
Cross-cultural comparisons
Controlled Historical Comparisons
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Cultural Anthropology and Sociology
Share interest in social relations, organization, and behavior
Sociology traditionally focused on large, industrialized Western nations
Anthropology traditionally focused on small, nonliterate populations
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Ethnography: Anthropology’s Distinctive Strategy
Firsthand, personal study of local cultural settings
Extended period of time in a given society or community
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Ethnographic Techniques
Observation and participant observation
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Ethnographic Techniques
Conversation, interviewing, and interview schedules
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Ethnographic Techniques
The genealogical method
Key cultural consultants (key informants)Life histories
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Ethnographic Techniques
Local beliefs and perceptions versus
those of the ethnographerEmic (native-oriented) approach
Etic (science-oriented) approach
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Types of Ethnography
Problem-oriented EthnographyMost ethnographers investigate a specific problem
Collection of data on range of variables
Longitudinal Research
Team Research
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Survey Research
Becoming more popular
Impersonal
LimitationsRace
Gender
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Culture Shock
What is culture shock?
How could anthropologists get it?