chapter 2 -. england – 17 th century turmoil over crown authority and parliamentary authority...
TRANSCRIPT
England – 17th Century
Turmoil over crown authority and parliamentary authority
Glorious Revolution –
established modern English parliamentary democracy
No absolute power for monarchs Bill of Rights
England – 17th Century
Bicameral – Parliament Local initiative – office of justices of the peace and
sheriff Only taxed through consent of Parliament MAGNA CARTA – people had rights that a monarch
could not violate. Common Law – decisions made by judges became
precedents for later decisions Warrants Trial by jury of peers
England – 17th Century
Good for business... Joint stock companies – stockholders shared risk
and profits Bad for common people...
Population explosion Enclosure movement – evict serfs/tenants in favor
for sheep
Meaning of Words Practice
The ranks of entrepreneurs and adventurers were constantly replenished by the younger sons of the squirearchy, cut off from the estate that the oldest inherited according to the law of primogeniture.
Tall and broad-shouldered, James I was conceited, profligate, and lazy.
Powhatan realized too late that the newcomers intended to seize his lands and subjugate his people.
English Attempts to Colonize
Roanoke – 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored 100 colonists led by
John White Three years later – all colonists gone Virginia Dare – first English child born in New World
Jamestown – 1607 Men arrived at Chesapeake Bay Funded by Virginia Company Gave men equal rights regardless of class (setting
foundations for rev
Failure…
Jamestown nearly failed because:
1. Conflict with the Native Americans
2. Unprepared – most men lacked skills and were not accustomed to hard-work
3. Location – standing water bred mosquitoes with disease
4. Starvation – bad droughts added to lack of preparedness
5. Lack of leadership
Statistics
December, 1606 - 144 people left England
May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown
May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left
August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown
May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained
Tobacco saved Jamestown Headright –
buy a share in Virginia Company and get 50 acres Way to attract immigrants Wealthy received 50 acres for each indentured servant
Indentured Servants Contracts lasted 5-7 years Promised “freedom dues” Forbidden to marry 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!
1619 – first evidence of slaves in Jamestown
Virginia
1624 – Virginia became royal colony Commission appointed by king recommended
dissolution of Virginia Company Sir William Berkeley – governor for 34 years By 1650, there were 15,000 residents of Virginia. Largest planters – most fertile land Freed servants –
less fertile along frontier settlement provoked Natives No militia support given to them by wealthy
Bacon's Rebellion
protest against Native American raids on the frontier protest against policies of favoritism shown by the
Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Jamestown was burned Bacon died of lice 23 men were hanged. Berkeley being recalled to England to answer for the
local problems.
1. Virginia2. Maryland3. Massachusetts 4. Rhode Island5. Connecticut6. New Hampshire7. South Carolina8. New York9. New Jersey10. Pennsylvania/Delaware 11. Georgia12. North Carolina
VirginiaVirginia Arrived in Jamestown on May 6, 1607
Jamestown failed because of lack of food
Virginia’s main purpose was tobacco
July 30, 1619-first General Assembly of Virginia
1st blacks known to reach America in 1619
Captain Tucker poisoned Indian’s drinks and burned village
Virginia became colony in 1624 and Berkely was governor, who rose taxes and treated common man unfairly
Bacon rebellion resulted in new lands open for colonists
New England – cold, long, hard winters; short, mild summers; rocky soil
Middle Colonies – cold winters; long, hot summers; rich soil
Southern Colonies – long, hot summers; short, mild winters, rich soil
Climate plays a big role in shaping history, culture, economy of a particular place.
Diversity of Colonies
New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies.
New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming
Middle – diverse, farming, trading
Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities
Charter Colony – grant charter to individual or trading company by crown.
Virginia Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts Bay Colony
Proprietary Colony – granted land to individuals or groups Pennsylvania Maine Maryland New York New Jersey
Royal Colony – controlled by the crown and ruled by appointed governor and governing council
By 1775, only Pennsylvania and Maryland retained their proprietary status, and only Connecticut and Rhode Island remained charter colonies.
• The 16th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants
• One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism
• King James I – thought Puritans were threat and wanted them expelled
Historical Background
Pilgrims/Puritans/Separatists35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower in 1620
Indentured to Virginia Company (7 years)
Landed on Cape Cod
Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact
Ideas of rule of majority and separation of church and state in this document = some of U.S. founding principles
What about Thanksgiving????
• Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War
• Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism
Puritans
Wanted to be free to worship as they wanted - study bible, listen to sermons, and examine lives and world for clues of God’s will
Predestination - God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in.
Salem Witch Trials
1692 – Salem, Massachusetts Increasing family size fueled disputes over land
between neighbors and within families Women subservient to their men = women more likely
to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about
their neighbors were generally accepted as fact "Children should be seen and not heard"