CHAPTER 2

Early Societies of West Asia

and North Africa, to 500 B.C.E.

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1. Early West Asian Societies

A. Early Mesopotamia: The City-States of Sumer1. Emergence of towns and cities in Mesopotamia2. Conflict and connections between Sumerian city-states3. Sumerian religion and worldview4. Gilgamesh5. Religion, culture, and politics6. Technology, innovation, and writing

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1. Early West Asian Societies (cont’d)

B. The Akkadian Conquest and the Spread of Sumerian Culture1. Cultural adaptation and dissemination

C. Babylonian Society and Hammurabi’s Code1. Social regulation2. Law and gender3. Governmental reforms

D. Indo-European Migrations1. Domestication of horses2. Migration routes

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1. Early West Asian Societies (cont’d)

E. The Hittite Connection1. The Hittites2. Hittite technology and innovations3. Hittite government and policies

F. Later Mesopotamia: Assyrian and Chaldeans1. The Assyrians2. Chaldean and Mede conquest

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2. Early Northeast African Societies

A. Egyptian Culture and Society1. The Nile2. African connections3. Religion and worldview4. Writing and other innovations5. Egyptian society

B. The Kingdoms of Egypt1. Periods in Egyptian history2. Early kingdoms and Hykos rule3. The Egyptian empire

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2. Early Northeast African Societies (cont’d)

C. Nubian Culture and the Kingdoms of Kush1. Egypt and Nubia

D. The Kingdom and Culture of Meroë1. Meroë in regional context

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3. West Asia and North Africa: The Phoenician Connection

A. The Phoenician Commercial Empire1. The Phoenicians and the Mediterranean world2. The Phoenician alphabet3. Carthage

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4. The Israelites and Their God

A. The Children of Israel1. The Bible2. The Israelites in Palestine

B. The Kingdoms of Israel1. The formation of the kingdom2. Split into Judah and Israel3. Dispersion and exile

C. The God of Israel1. The God of the Jews2. Jewish monotheism

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