chapter 2 china nubia celtic olmec and chavin

8/7/2019 chapter 2 china nubia celtic olmec and chavin

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The Emergence of Human

Communities

New Civilizations in the Eastern andWestern Hemispheres

2200-250 B.C.E.Chapter 2


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Essential Questions

How did early Chinese rulers use religion

to justify and strengthen their power?

How did the technological and culturalinfluences of Egypt affect the formation of

Nubia?

What role did nature and the environment

play in the development of early

civilizations in the Americas?


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Early China 2000-221 B.C.E.

Challenging agriculture due todifferent environments

Feudal organization

Weakened monarch position

Rise independent states Rivalry of Chinese states

Leads to rise of bureaucracy,administrative experts, anddeadly warfare.

Yin/yang interdependence

Male dominant Confucianism reduces

womens status and rights


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China and its Geography

The Yellow River

3000 Miles: Tibet to the

Yellow Sea

Deposits fertile, lightcolored soil

Periodic flooding:

Chinas sorrow

The Himalayans Gobi Desert


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China Shang Dynasty

Shang

1766-1122 BCE

Bronze metallurgy from

1200 BCE

Horse-drawn chariots,

other wheeled vehicles

Large armies

Political organization:

network of fortified

cities, loyal to center


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Zhou Dynasty

1122-256 BCE

Mandate of Heaven

Decentralization of

authority Iron weaponry widespread

weaponry

Early money economy

Decentralized leadershipInternal dissention: thePeriod of the Warring States(403-221 BCE)


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Nubia Located in southernEgypt

Served as a trade route

Natural resources suchas gold, copper, semi-

precious stones Most prominent: NileRiver

Boats operated betweencataracts and then byland

From semi-nomadic toagriculture and cattleherding along the river


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Origins of Mesoamerican

Civilizations Migration across Bering land bridge?

Probably 13,000 BCE, perhaps earlier

By sea from Asia? By 9500 BCE reached southernmost part of

South America

Hunter/Gatherer societies evolve into agricultural societies


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Chavin Migration into South America

c. 12000 BCE

Climate improves c. 8000BCE

Largely independent fromMesoamerica

Highly individualized due togeography

New religion in central Andes,900-300 BCE

South America, contemporary

Peru Little known about

particulars of religion

Intricate stone carvings

chapter 2 china nubia celtic olmec and chavin

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