CHAPTER 2 / CHAPTER 2 / CHEMISTRY OF CHEMISTRY OF MATTERMATTERMATTER=ANYTHING WHICH HAS MATTER=ANYTHING WHICH HAS MASS AND VOLUME.MASS AND VOLUME.

PHYSICAL STATES OF PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTERMATTER

1. GAS= LOWEST DENSITY, PARTICLES NOT 1. GAS= LOWEST DENSITY, PARTICLES NOT BOUND TO EACH OTHER, RAPID MOVEMENT OF BOUND TO EACH OTHER, RAPID MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES.PARTICLES.

2. LIQUID= INTERMEDIATE DENSITY, PARTICLES 2. LIQUID= INTERMEDIATE DENSITY, PARTICLES ARE BOUND TO EACH OTHER BY ARE BOUND TO EACH OTHER BY “INTERMOLECULAR FORCES”, PARTICLES “INTERMOLECULAR FORCES”, PARTICLES VIBRATE.VIBRATE.

3. SOLIDS= HIGHEST DENSITY, PARTICLES 3. SOLIDS= HIGHEST DENSITY, PARTICLES STRONGLY BOUND TO EACH OTHER BY STRONGLY BOUND TO EACH OTHER BY “INTERMOLECULAR FORCES”, PARTICLES “INTERMOLECULAR FORCES”, PARTICLES VIBRATE.VIBRATE.

STRUCTURE OF MATTERSTRUCTURE OF MATTER

ELEMENTS= SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE ELEMENTS= SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE COMPOSED OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM. COMPOSED OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM. THEY CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO THEY CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCESSIMPLER SUBSTANCES

BY NORMAL PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL BY NORMAL PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS.MEANS.

ATOMS= THE SMALLEST STRUCTURE OF ATOMS= THE SMALLEST STRUCTURE OF AN ELEMENT.AN ELEMENT.

PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES= PHYSICAL PROPERTIES= CHARACTERISTICS DETECTED BY CHARACTERISTICS DETECTED BY THE SENSES.THE SENSES.

MASS VOLUMEMASS VOLUME COLOR TEXTURECOLOR TEXTURE HARDNESS DENSITYHARDNESS DENSITY

PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES= DESCRIBE THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES= DESCRIBE THE CHANGES THAT OCCUR DURING CHANGES THAT OCCUR DURING “CHEMICAL REACTIONS” BETWEEN “CHEMICAL REACTIONS” BETWEEN SUBSTANCES. SUBSTANCES.

EXAMPLE: THE RUSTING OF IRON (STEEL): EXAMPLE: THE RUSTING OF IRON (STEEL): IRON + OXYGEN--- RUST IRON + OXYGEN--- RUST

(IRON OXIDE) (IRON OXIDE)