Mader's Concepts in Biology, First Edition

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Sylvia S. Mader

Chapter 2

Question 1

What percentage of our planet is covered by water?

A. 95

B. 85

C. 75

D. 65

E. 55

Question 2

Which of the following is not a use of water by living organisms?

A. external transportation for chemicals

B. help exchange heat

C. adds in homeostasis

D. provides nutrients for metabolism

E. provides a medium for movement

Question 3

Anything that takes up space and has mass is referred to as an element.

A. true

B. false

Question 4

A substance which cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances with different properties is referred to as:

A. matter

B. a mineral

C. a molecule

D. an isotope

E. an element

Question 5

If a specific element is to remain that particular element, which of the following situations could not occur?

A. increase the number of neutrons

B. increase the number of electrons

C. increase the number of protons

D. decrease the number of neutrons

E. decrease the number of electrons

Question 6

Which of the following elements is not predominately found in living organisms?

A. carbon

B. hydrogen

C. nitrogen

D. iron

E. oxygen

Question 7

A solid substance which is formed by natural processes is best described by which of the following terms?

A. a mineral

B. an element

C. matter

D. an isotope

E. an ion

Question 8

Which of the following terms is the most inclusive?

A. atom

B. element

C. matter

D. nucleus

E. proton

Question 9

Neutrons have a negative charge.

A. true

B. false

Question 10

Positively charged, found in the nucleus, and has mass. These statements apply to which of the following terms?

A. proton

B. neutron

C. electron

D. isotope

E. atomic mass

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

A. positive protons and negative neutrons in the nucleus surrounded by neutral electrons

B. negative protons and positive neutrons in the nucleus surrounded by neutral electrons

C. positive protons and neutral neutrons in the nucleus surrounded by negative electrons

D. neutral protons and negative neutrons in the nucleus surrounded by positive electrons

E. positive protons and negative electrons in the nucleus surrounded by neutral neutrons

Question 12

The number of protons found in an atom is also known as:

A. the atomic mass

B. the isotope number

C. the neutron number

D. the atomic number

E. the electron number

Question 13

In the orbital shells of electrons, the outer shell has a higher energy level than the inner shell and can hold eight electrons.

A. true

B. false

Question 14

Under most circumstances, which of the following has the greatest number for an atom?

A. atomic number

B. atomic mass

C. electron number

D. neutron number

E. proton number

Question 15

A chemist is studying the atomic mass of an element. Which of the following would he or she be most interested in studying?

A. number of protons plus the number of electrons

B. the number of protons only

C. the number of electrons only

D. the number of neutrons plus the number of electrons

E. the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 16

When an element has a variable number of neutrons it is referred to as an isotope.

A. true

B. false

Question 17

When an element becomes an isotope, which of the following features changes?

A. the atomic number

B. the proton number

C. the atomic mass

D. the valance number

E. the atomic charge

Question 18

Radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers to detect molecular changes.

A. true

B. false

Question 19

A patient is having heart problems. Which of the following low level radioactive isotopes would be used to diagnose the problem?

A. iodine-131

B. carbon-14

C. barium-137

D. thallium-201

E. uranium-238

Question 20

Positron-emission tomography is used in which of the following procedures?

A. to determine the activity of tissues

B. to sterilize medical products to kill pathogens

C. to sterilize dental products to kill pathogens

D. to kill cancer cells

E. to sterilize U.S. mail to kill pathogens