chapter 2 (23-34)

23

CHAPTER2

WORD UP!The BIG Picture!

Cell as a Unit of Life

Chapter

2

• Cell organisation – Organisasi sel

• Cellulose – Selulosa

• Chlorophyll – Klorofil

• Chloroplast – Kloroplas

• Cytoplasm – Sitoplasma

• Multicellular organism – Organisma multisel

• Nucleus – Nukleus

• Unicellular organism – Organisma unisel

• Vacuole – Vakuol

Year Paper 1Paper 2

PMR Past-year Questions

Sec. A Sec. B

2005 Q2 Q1

2006 Q2, Q3 Q7

2007 Q3, Q4 Q7

2008 Q2, Q3

2009 Q3

23

Konsep PENTING!

Sel sebagai Unit Asas Hidupan

Bab

2ISTILAH!• Organisasi sel – Cell organisation

• Selulosa – Cellulose

• Klorofil – Chlorophyll

• Kloroplas – Chloroplast

• Sitoplasma – Cytoplasm

• Organisma multisel – Multicellular organism

• Nukleus – Nucleus

• Organisma unisel – Unicellular organism

• Vakuol – Vacuole

Tahun Kertas 1Kertas 2

Soalan Tahun-tahun Lepas PMR

Bhg. A Bhg. B

2005 S2 S1

2006 S2, S3 S7

2007 S3, S4 S1

2008 S2, S3

2009 S3

F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 23F1MR-ch2(23-34).indd 23 7/22/10 10:30:37 AM7/22/10 10:30:37 AM

2

BA

B1

Namakan radas makmal dalam jadual di bawah.

Kelalang kon Buret Balang gas Tungku kaki tigaTabung didih Bikar Rod kaca Kelalang dasar bulatTabung uji Pipet Takung kaca Corong turasSilinder penyukat Kasa dawai Mangkuk pijar Corong tiselKelalang volumetri Kaki retort Mangkuk penyejat Penunu Bunsen

1.1 HP • Menerangkan kepentingan sains dalam kehidupan harian• Menyenaraikan perkara di sekeliling anda yang berkaitan

dengan sains

1.2 HP • Menggunakan radas saintifik yang umum dalammakmal

1

Tabung uji

6

Silinder penyukat

2

Tabung didih

7

Pipet

3

Bikar

8

Buret

4

Kelalang kon

9

Kelalang dasar bulat

5

Kelalang volumetri

10

Corong tisel

Objektif Pembelajaran1.1 Memahami sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian

1.1 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Sains dan fenomena semula jadi

Kontekstual

1.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Radas makmal dan kegunaannya

Kontekstual

✓ ✓

✓ ✓

Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan bagi fenomena semula jadi.

Objektif Pembelajaran1.2 Mengetahui langkah-langkah keselamatan dan radas dalam makmal sains

2CHAPTER

1

Name the laboratory apparatus in the table below.

Conical flask Burette Gas jar Tripod standBoiling tube Beaker Glass rod Round-bottomed flaskTest tube Pipette Glass trough Filter funnelMeasuring cylinder Wire gauze Crucible Thistle funnelVolumetric flask Retort stand Evaporating dish Bunsen burner

1.1 LO • Explain the importance of science in everyday life• Make a list of things around you that are related to

science

1.2 LO • Use some common scientific apparatus in thelaboratory

1

Test tube

6

Measuring cylinder

2

Boiling tube

7

Pipette

3

Beaker

8

Burette

4

Conical flask

9

Round-bottomed flask

5

Volumetric flask

10

Thistle funnel

✓ ✓

✓ ✓

Mark (✓) in the boxes provided the natural phenomena.

1.1DISCUSSION

Activity

Learning Objective1.1 Understanding that science is part of everyday life

Science and natural phenomenaContextual

1.2DISCUSSION

ActivityLaboratory apparatus and their uses

Contextual

Learning Objective1.2 Knowing the safety percautions and apparatus in a science laboratory

Chapter 2

Cell as a U

nit of Life

Cha

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24CHAPTER

2

To compare the structure of (a) cheek cells and (b) epidermal cells of an onion

Toothpick, filter paper, blue methylene solution, iodine solution

Microscope, cover slips, slides, dropper, razor blade, forceps

To observe the structure of cheek cells

1 Using the blunt end of a clean toothpick, carefully scrape some cells from the insideof your cheek.

2 Spread the scrapings onto a clean slide.3 Add a drop of blue methylene solution to the smear.4 Place a cover slip at an angle to the solution on the slide. Slowly slide the cover slip

to cover the specimen without trapping any air bubbles.5 Clear and dry up any solution on the slide and around the cover slip with a filter

paper.6 Examine the cheek cells under the microscope, first on low magnification, then on

high magnification. Draw and label the structure of the cheek cell in the spaceprovided.

To observe the structure of epidermal cells of an onion

1 Peel off an epidermal layer of the leaf from an onion with a razor blade and forceps.2 Place a 5 mm piece of the epidermal onion leaf on a clean slide.3 Add two drops of iodine solution to the epidermal onion leaf.4 Place a cover slip at an angle to the solution on the slide. Slowly slide the cover slip

to cover the specimen without trapping any air bubbles.5 Clear and dry up any solution on the slide and around the cover slip with a filter

paper.6 Examine the onion cell under the microscope, first on low magnification, then on

high magnification. Draw and label the structure of the onion cell in the spaceprovided.

PROCEDURE

SECTION B

PROCEDURE

SECTION A

APPARATUS

MATERIALS

AIM

eye lens

objective lens

slideclip

stage

diaphragm

mirror

base

coarse focus control

fine focus control

Microscope operating manual1 Place the microscope with its

mirror facing a light source.2 Adjust the mirror to allow

maximum light to fall onto themirror and reflect into themicroscope tube.

3 Place the slide onto the stageand ensure that the specimen isin the centre of the aperture.

4 Adjust the coarse focus controlto focus on the specimen.

2.1 LO • Identify that cell is the basic unit of living things• Prepare slides following the proper procedures• Use a microscope properly• Identify the general structures of animal cells and plant cells• Draw the general structures of an animal cell and a plant cell• Label the general structures of an animal cell and a

plant cell

2.1 LO • State the function of each cell structure• State the similarities and differences between an animal

cell and a plant cell

SMS• Ensure that the

toothpick is clean.

Refer to Essential Science Form 1, Laboratory Activities2.1 & 2.2, p. 36–37; Essential Science PMR, Preparingcell slides, p. 28

2.1INQUIRY

Experiment PEKA

Learning Objective2.1 Understanding cells

Cell as a basic unit of animals and plantsInquiry-discovery

24

BA

B2

Membandingkan struktur (a) sel pipi dan (b) sel epidermis bawang

Pencungkil gigi, kertas turas, larutan metilena biru, larutan iodin

Mikroskop, penutup kaca, sisip kaca, penitis, pisau cukur, forsep

Memerhati struktur sel pipi

1 Ambil sebatang pencungkil gigi dan kikis bahagian dalam pipi anda dengan berhati-hati.2 Palitkan pencungkil gigi tersebut di atas sekeping slaid yang bersih.3 Titiskan setitik larutan metilena biru di atas slaid.4 Letakkan satu penutup kaca pada satu sudut kepada larutan di atas sisip kaca.

Dengan perlahan-lahan, turunkan penutup kaca untuk menutupi spesimen supayatiada gelembung udara terperangkap.

5 Bersihkan dan keringkan sekeliling kaca penutup dengan menggunakan kertas turas.6 Perhatikan sel pipi di bawah mikroskop dengan menggunakan kuasa pembesaran

rendah, diikuti dengan kuasa pembesaran yang lebih tinggi. Lukis dan label sel pipipada ruang yang disediakan.

Memerhati struktur sel epidermis bawang

1 Kupas satu lapisan epidermis daripada kulit suatu bawang dengan menggunakanpisau cukur dan forsep.

2 Letakkan potongan kulit bawang kira-kira sebesar 5 mm di atas slaid yang bersih. 3 Titiskan dua titik larutan iodin di atasnya dengan menggunakan penitis.4 Letakkan satu penutup kaca pada satu sudut kepada larutan di atas sisip kaca.

Dengan perlahan-lahan, turunkan penutup kaca untuk menutupi spesimen supayatiada gelembung udara terperangkap.

5 Bersihkan dan keringkan larutan sekeliling kaca penutup dengan menggunakan kertasturas.

6 Perhatikan sel bawang di bawah mikroskop dengan menggunakan kuasa pembesaranrendah, diikuti dengan kuasa pembesaran yang lebih tinggi. Lukis dan labelkan selbawang pada ruang yang disediakan.

PROSEDUR

BAHAGIAN B

PROSEDUR

BAHAGIAN A

RADAS

BAHAN

TUJUAN

kanta mata

kanta objekpentasslaidklipdiafragma

cermin

tapak

pelaras kasar

pelaras halus

Manual penggunaan mikroskop1 Letakkan mikroskop berhadapan

dengan sumber cahaya.2 Laraskan cermin sehingga

cahaya paling cerah dapat dilihatmenerusi mikroskop.

3 Letakkan slaid di atas pentasdan pastikan spesimen beradadi tengah lubang.

4 Pusingkan skru pelaras untukmemfokuskan spesimen.

2.1 HP • Mengenal pasti bahawa sel adalah unit asas hidupan• Menyediakan slaid mengikut langkah yang betul• Menggunakan mikroskop dengan betul• Mengenal pasti struktur am sel haiwan dan sel

tumbuhan• Melukis struktur am sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

2.1 HP • Melabel struktur am sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan• Menyatakan fungsi setiap struktur sel • Menyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sel

haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

KMS• Pastikan pencungkil

gigi bersih

Rujuk kepada Essential Science Form 1, Aktiviti Makmal2.1 & 2.2, hlm. 36–37; Essential Science PMR,Preparing cell slides, hlm. 28

2.1 INKUIRIEksperimen PEKA

Objektif Pembelajaran2.1 Memahami sel

Sel sebagai unit asas haiwan dan tumbuhanInkuiri-penemuan

DISCUSSIONActivity2.2 6 Label structures X, Y and Z for the animal cell below.

X

Y

Z

( X: Cell membraneY: NucleusZ: Cytoplasm)

7 Label structures P, Q, R, S, T and U for the plant cell below.

STU

R

Q

P

( P: Cell wall S: CytoplasmQ: Cell membrance T: VacuoleR: Chloroplast U: Nucleus)

2.1 Understanding cellsINQUIRY

Experiment PEKA2.1 1 What is the basic unit of life? (Cell) 2 Name two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells. (Cell wall and chloroplast) 3 Why plant cell has a fi xed shape? (Plant cell has a cell wall) 4 State two animal cells that contain vacuole. (Amoeba and Paramecium) 5 State two structures of cell that make up the cell protoplasm. (Nucleus and cytoplasm)


Chapter 2

Cell as a U

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25

CHAPTER2

1 Which of the cells has a fixed shape, the cheek cell (animal cell) or the epidermal cellof onion (plant cell)?

2 What causes the shape of a cheek cell to be different from the shape of an onion’sepidermal cell?

The cheek cell does not have a as do the cells ofplants like the onion.

3 Classify the observed cells into animal cell and plant cell.

4 Study the cheek cell (animal cell) and the epidermal cell (plant cell) drawn above.Then, tick (✓) the structures that can be found in the cheek cell and the epidermalcell of onion.

Cell structure Cheek cell Epidermal cell

(animal cell) (plant cell)

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Vacuole

5 What is cell protoplasm?

Protoplasm is the part of cell that consists of and

.6 Name two low level animals that contain vacuole.

1 A cell is a of life.

2 Animal and plant cells have a few and

.differences

similarities

basic unit CONCLUSION

Amoeba and Paramecium

cytoplasm

nucleus

✓

✓

✓✓

✓✓

✓✓

cell wall

The epidermal cell of onion

ANALYSIS

Cheek cell Epidermal cell of onion

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

cell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

vacuolecell wallOBSERVATION

Animal cell Plant cell

Cheek cell Onion cell

E1C6

E1C8

E1C2

E1C

1268S

TSTS• Comparing and

contrasting

SPS• Classifying

E1C1

25

BA

B2

1 Sel yang manakah mempunyai bentuk yang tetap, sel pipi (sel haiwan) atau selepidermis bawang (sel tumbuhan)?

.

2 Apakah yang menyebabkan bentuk sel pipi berbeza daripada bentuk sel epidermisbawang?

Sel pipi tidak mempunyai seperti yang terdapatpada sel epidermis bawang.

3 Kelaskan sel-sel yang diperhatikan kepada sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan.

4 Kaji sel pipi (sel haiwan) dan sel epidermis bawang (sel tumbuhan) yang dilukis diatas. Kemudian, tandakan (✓) pada struktur yang boleh ditemui pada sel pipi dan selepidermis bawang.

Struktur sel Sel pipi Sel epidermis bawang

(sel haiwan) (sel tumbuhan)

Nukleus

Sitoplasma

Membran sel

Dinding sel

Vakuol

5 Apakah protoplasma sel?

Protoplasma sel adalah bahagian sel yang terdiri daripada dan

.

6 Namakan dua haiwan peringkat rendah yang mengandungi vakuol.

1 Sel ialah bagi benda hidup.

2 Sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan mempunyai beberapa dan

.perbezaan

persamaan

unit asasKESIMPULAN

Ameba dan paramesium

sitoplasma

nukleus

✓

✓

✓✓

✓✓

✓✓

dinding sel

Sel epidermis bawang

ANALISIS

Sel pipi Sel epidermis bawang

membran sel

sitoplasma

nukleus

membran sel

sitoplasma

nukleus

vakuoldinding sel

PEMERHATIAN

Sel haiwan Sel tumbuhan

Sel pipi Sel bawang

E1C6

E1C2

E1C

1268S

KBSB• Membandingkan dan

membezakan

KPS• Mengelaskan

E1C8

E1C1

DISCUSSIONActivity2.3 8 Based on the given descriptions, determine the type of cell (animal cell or plant cell).

(a) A cell has a cell wall. (Plant cell) (b) A cell has a chloroplast. (Plant cell) (a) A cell has a cell membrane but does not have a fi xed shape. (Animal cell)

DISCUSSIONActivity2.4 9 State the function of a nucleus. (Controls all activities in the cell)

10 State the function of a cell membrane. (Protects the cell) 11 What is the function of a cell wall? (Maintains the shape of the cell/Protects the cell)

12 What is the structure of a cell that contains chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis? (Chloroplast) 13 Explain why plant cells can carry out photosynthesis. (Plant cells contain chloroplast/chlorophyll)


26

CHAPTER2

2 Circle the organisms which have the cell structure as shown below.

starfish Mucor moss

rabbit fern eagle

2.2 LO • Label animal cell and plant cell

1 Label the following diagrams of animal and plant cells.

Animal cell

(a)

(b)

(c)

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Plant cell

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell wall Cytoplasm

Chloroplast Vacuole

Nucleus Cell membrane

2005 Sec. A, Q1(a)

2.2DISCUSSION

ActivityStructures of animal and plant cells

Mastery

26

BA

B2

2 Bulatkan organisma yang mempunyai struktur sel seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.

Sel haiwan

(a)

(b)

(c)

Membran sel

Nukleus

Sitoplasma

Sel tumbuhan

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Dinding sel

Membran sel

Kloroplas

Vakuol

Sitoplasma

Nukleus

Dinding sel Sitoplasma

Kloroplas Vakuol

Nukleus Membran sel

1 Label rajah sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan yang berikut.

tapak sulaiman mukor lumut

arnab paku pakis helang

2.2 HP • Label sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

2005 Bhg. A, S1(a)

2.2 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

Masteri


27

CHAPTER2

2.3 LO • State the similarities and differences between animaland plant cells

2.4 LO • State the function of each cell structure

Similarity

Has a nucleus

Has cell membrane

Has cytoplasm

Difference

Present

Present

Fixed

Present

Cell wall

Chloroplast

Cell shape

Vacuole

Absent

Absent

Changes

Absent, except in lower

level animals

Plant cell

Compare and contrast between a plant cell and an animal cell.

Animal cell

Match the cell structures to the given functions.

Contains cell sap which is filled with dissolvedglucose and mineral salt

Protects and gives shape to the cell

Controls the exit from and entry of materials intothe cell/protects the cell

Controls all activities in the cell

The place where chemical processes occur

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight tomake food

Plant cell

Function of cell

Cellmembrane

Nucleus

Vacuole

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Chloroplast

2005 Sec. A, Q1(b)

2.3DISCUSSION

ActivityComparison between plant cells and animal cells

Mastery

2.4DISCUSSION

ActivityFunctions of the internal structures of a cell

Constructivism

27

BA

B2

2.3 HP • Menyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan antara sel haiwandan sel tumbuhan

2.4 HP • Menyatakan fungsi setiap struktur sel

Persamaan

Mempunyai nukleus

Mempunyai membran sel

Mempunyai sitoplasma

Perbezaan

Ada

Ada

Tetap

Ada

Dinding sel

Kloroplas

Bentuk sel

Vakuol

Tiada

Tiada

Berubah-ubah

Tiada, kecuali dalam

haiwan peringkat rendah

Bandingkan dan bezakan antara sel tumbuhan dengan sel haiwan.

Padankan struktur sel kepada fungsinya.

Sel tumbuhan Sel haiwan

Mengandungi sap sel yang berisi glukosa dangaram mineral yang terlarut

Melindungi dan memberi bentuk kepada sel

Mengawal keluar dan masuk semua kandunganbahan sel/melindungi sel

Mengawal semua aktiviti sel

Tempat berlakunya proses-proses kimia

Mengandungi pigmen klorofil yang menyerapcahaya matahari untuk membuat makanan

Sel tumbuhan

Fungsi sel

Membran sel

Nukleus

Vakuol

Dinding sel

Sitoplasma

Kloroplas

2005 Bhg. A, S1(b)

2.3 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Perbandingan antara sel tumbuhan dengan sel haiwan

Masteri

2.4 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Fungsi struktur dalaman sel

Konstruktivisme


2

BA

B1




dengan sains


1

Tabung uji

6

Silinder penyukat

2

Tabung didih

7

Pipet

3

Bikar

8

Buret

4

Kelalang kon

9


5

Kelalang volumetri

10

Corong tisel



Kontekstual


Kontekstual

✓ ✓

✓ ✓



2CHAPTER

1




science


1

Test tube

6

Measuring cylinder

2

Boiling tube

7

Pipette

3

Beaker

8

Burette

4

Conical flask

9


5

Volumetric flask

10

Thistle funnel

✓ ✓

✓ ✓


1.1DISCUSSION

Activity



1.2DISCUSSION


Contextual


Chapter 2

Cell as a U

nit of Life

Cha

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2C

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28CHAPTER

2

To observe unicellular and multicellular organisms

Pond water

Slide, glass cover, microscope, dropper

1 Put a drop of pond water on a clean slide.2 Observe the pond water under a low power microscope.3 Name some of the organisms seen.

OBSERVATION

PROCEDURE

APPARATUS

MATERIALS

AIM

2.5 LO • State the meaning of unicellular and multicellularorganisms

Paramecium Amoeba Spirogyra Chlamydomonas

1 You are given the photos of the above organisms. Study the photos and name theorganisms. Then, mark (✓) in the boxes provided the unicellular organisms.

2 Name the minute organisms which cannot be seen with the naked eye.Microorganisms

3 State the meaning of the following organisms.

Pond water contains many and organisms.multicellularunicellularCONCLUSION

ANALYSIS

Refer to Essential Science Form 1, Laboratory Activity2.3, p. 41; Essential Science PMR, Unicellular andMulticellular Organisms, p. 30

2.5INQUIRY

Experiment

Learning Objective2.2 Understanding unicellular and multicellular organisms

Unicellular and multicellular organismsInquiry-discovery

Amoeba Paramecium Spirogyra Chlamydomonas

✓ ✓ ✓

(a) Unicellular organisms Organisms which consist of only cell

(b) Multicellular Organisms which consist of organisms than one cell or cellsmany

more

one

Spirogyra Chlamydomonas Paramecium Amoeba

Ameba Paramesium Spirogira Klamidomonas

28

BA

B2

Memerhati organisma unisel dan organisma multisel

Air kolam

Sisip kaca, penutup kaca, mikroskop, penitis

1 Titiskan setitik air kolam ke atas sisip kaca yang bersih.2 Perhatikan air kolam itu di bawah kuasa rendah mikroskop.3 Namakan beberapa organisma yang diperhatikan.

PEMERHATIAN Spirogira Klamidomonas Paramesium Ameba

PROSEDUR

RADAS

BAHAN

TUJUAN

2.5 HP • Menyatakan maksud organisma unisel danorganisma multisel

Paramesium Ameba Spirogira Klamidomonas

1 Anda diberi foto organisma di atas. Kaji gambar-gambar itu dan namakan organismaitu. Kemudian, tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang diberi bagi organisma unisel.

2 Apakah nama yang diberi kepada organisma seni yang tidak dapat dilihat denganmata kasar?Mikroorganisma

3 Nyatakan maksud organisma yang berikut.

Air kolam mengandungi pelbagai organisma dan .multiseluniselKESIMPULAN

ANALISIS

Rujuk kepada Essential Science Form 1, AktivitiMakmal 2.3, hlm. 41; Essential Science PMR,Unicellular and multicellular Organisms, hlm. 30

2.5 INKUIRIEksperimen

Objektif Pembelajaran2.2 Memahami organisma unisel dan organisma multisel

Organisma unisel dan organisma multiselInkuiri-penemuan

✓ ✓ ✓

(a) Organisma unisel Organisma yang terdiri daripada sel sahaja

(b) Organisma multisel Organisma yang terdiri daripada

daripada satu sel atau selbanyak

lebih

satu

4 Name the following organisms. (a) (b) (c) (d)

(Amoeba) (Spirogyra) (Paramecium) (Chlamydomonas)

(e) (f) (g)

(Euglena) (Mucor) (Yeast)

2.2 Understanding unicellular and multicellular organismsINQUIRY

Experiment2.5 1 Name the tiny organisms that only can be seen through a microscope. (Microorganisms)DISCUSSION

Activity2.6 2 Name the living things that have only one cell. (Unicellular organisms) 3 Name the living things that made up of many cells. (Multicellular organisms)


2

BA

B1




dengan sains


1

Tabung uji

6

Silinder penyukat

2

Tabung didih

7

Pipet

3

Bikar

8

Buret

4

Kelalang kon

9


5

Kelalang volumetri

10

Corong tisel



Kontekstual


Kontekstual

✓ ✓

✓ ✓



2CHAPTER

1




science


1

Test tube

6

Measuring cylinder

2

Boiling tube

7

Pipette

3

Beaker

8

Burette

4

Conical flask

9


5

Volumetric flask

10

Thistle funnel

✓ ✓

✓ ✓


1.1DISCUSSION

Activity



1.2DISCUSSION


Contextual


Chapter 2

Cell as a U

nit of Life

Cha

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2C

ell a

s a

Uni

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Lif

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29

CHAPTER2

2.6 LO • Give examples of unicellular and multicellularorganisms

The diagram below shows a few types of organisms. Observe the organisms.

(a) State one characteristic of the organisms.

Amoeba:

Mucor:

Paramecium:

Chlamydomonas:

Hydra:

Spirogyra:

(b) Classify the organisms above into two groups based on common characteristics.Name the organisms belonging to each group.

Mucor

Hydra

Spirogyra

Amoeba

Paramecium

Chlamydomonas

Name oforganisms

Group 2

Consists of many cells

Group 1

Consists of one cellCommoncharacteristics

Amoeba, Mucor, Paramecium, Chlamydomonas, Hydra, Spirogyra



Consists of one cell




Amoeba Mucor Paramecium

Chlamydomonas Hydra Spirogyra

2007 Sec. B, Q7

2.6DISCUSSION

ActivityClassification of unicellular and multicellular organisms

Mastery

29

BA

B2

2.6 HP • Memberi contoh organisma unisel dan organismamultisel

(a) Nyatakan satu ciri bagi organisma-organisma tersebut.

Ameba:

Mukor:

Paramesium:

Klamodomonas:

Hidra:

Spirogira:

(b) Kelaskan organisma-organisma di atas kepada dua kumpulan berdasarkan ciri sepunya.Namakan organisma bagi setiap kumpulan itu.

MukorHidra

Spirogira

AmebaParamesium

KlamidomonasNamaorganisma

Kumpulan 2

Terdiri daripada banyaksel

Kumpulan 1

Terdiri daripada satu selCiri sepunya

Ameba, Mukor, Paramesium, Klamidomonas, Hidra, Spirogira

Terdiri daripada banyak sel


Terdiri daripada satu sel




Ameba Mukor Paramesium

Klamidomonas Hidra Spirogira

2007 Bhg. B, S7

2.6 PERBINCANGANAktiviti Pengelasan organisma unisel dan multisel

Masteri

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa jenis organisma. Perhatikan organisma tersebut.

(c) Spirogyra (Multicellular organism)(d) Mucor (Multicellular organism)(e) Chlamydomonas (Unicellular organism)(f) Euglena (Unicellular organism)

7 Explain why Spirogyra is classifi ed as a multicellular plant. (Spirogyra consists of many cells and contains chloroplast)

5 State whether the following microorganisms are a plant cell or an animal cell. (a) Mucor (Plant cell)

(b) Amoeba (Animal cell)(c) Paramecium (Animal cell)(d) Spirogyra (Plant cell)(e) Chlamydomonas (Plant cell)

6 State whether the following organisms are a unicellular organism or a multicellular organism.(a) Amoeba (Unicellular organism)(b) Paramecium (Unicellular organism)


2

BA

B1




dengan sains


1

Tabung uji

6

Silinder penyukat

2

Tabung didih

7

Pipet

3

Bikar

8

Buret

4

Kelalang kon

9


5

Kelalang volumetri

10

Corong tisel



Kontekstual


Kontekstual

✓ ✓

✓ ✓



2CHAPTER

1




science


1

Test tube

6

Measuring cylinder

2

Boiling tube

7

Pipette

3

Beaker

8

Burette

4

Conical flask

9


5

Volumetric flask

10

Thistle funnel

✓ ✓

✓ ✓


1.1DISCUSSION

Activity



1.2DISCUSSION


Contextual


Chapter 2

Cell as a U

nit of Life

Cha

pter

2C

ell a

s a

Uni

t of

Lif

eM

IND

Ro

bic

s MIN

DR

ob

ics

3030

30CHAPTER

2

1 Name the given structures.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2 Write out in sequence the organisation of cells in an organism based on the given statements.

➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ (e) Organism(d) System(c) Organ(b) Tissue(a) Cell

Muscle tissueReproductive cellNerve cellEpithelial tissue

Nerve cell Epithelial tissue Reproductive cell Muscle tissue

Classify the following organs into systems listed below.

Heart Kidneys Joint Spinal cord Nerve fibreBone Brain Cartilage Testis StomachBlood vessels Skin Urinary bladder Mouth OvaryUterus Nose Lungs Trachea Intestine

2.8 LO • State the function of different types of human cells2.7 LO • Name the different types of human cells• Arrange sequentially cell organisation from simple to

complex using the terms cell, tissue, organ, systemand organism

A group of cellsof the sametype carryingout the samefunction.

Basic unit for all living things.

Consisting oftwo or moretypes of tissueworkingtogether.

Consisting oftwo or moreorgans workingtogether to carryout specificfunctions.

Consisting of all systemsworkingtogether.

Nose

Trachea

Lungs

Mouth

Stomach

Intestine

Uterus

Testis

Ovary

Brain

Spinal

cord

Nerve fibre

Skin

Lungs

Urinary

bladder

Kidneys

Bone

Joint

Cartilage

Blood vessels

Heart

BloodcirculatorySkeletalExcretoryNervousReproductiveDigestiveRespiratory

System

2007 Sec. A, Q1(a)

2.7DISCUSSION

Activity

Learning Objective2.3 Understanding that cells form tissues, organs and systems in the human body

Cell organisationConstructivism

2.8RESERACHActivity LIBRARY

Classification of organs in a systemMastery

30

BA

B2

1 Namakan struktur yang diberi.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2 Tulis dengan betul turutan organisasi sel dalam organisma berdasarkan pernyataan yang diberi.

➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ ➯➯ (e) Organisma(d) Sistem(c) Organ(b) Tisu(a) Sel

Tisu ototSel pembiakanSel sarafTisu epitelium

Sel saraf Tisu epitelium Sel pembiakan Tisu otot

Kelaskan organ-organ yang berikut kepada sistem-sistem yang disenaraikan di bawah.

Jantung Ginjal Sendi Saraf tunjang Gentian sarafTulang Otak Rawan Testis PerutSalur darah Kulit Pundi kencing Mulut OvariUterus Hidung Peparu Trakea Usus

Hidung

Trakea

Peparu

Mulut

Perut

Usus

Uterus

Testis

Ovari

Otak Saraf

tunjangGentian

saraf

KulitPeparuPundi

kencingGinjal

Tulang

Sendi

Rawan

Salur

darah

Jantung

PeredarandarahRangkaPerkumuhanSarafPembiakanPencernaanPernafasan

Sistem

2.8 HP • Menyatakan fungsi jenis sel-sel manusia yangberbeza

2.7 HP • Namakan jenis sel-sel manusia yang berbeza• Susun mengikut urutan organisasi sel dari ringkas ke

kompleks dengan menggunakan istilah sel, tisu,organ, sistem dan organisma

Sekumpulan selyang sama jenisyangmenjalankanfungsi yangsama.

Unit asas bagisemua hidupan.

Terdiri daripadadua atau lebihjenis tisu yangbekerjasama.

Dua atau lebihorgan yangbekerjasamauntukmenjalankanfungsi tertentu.

Terdiri daripadasemua sistemyangbekerjasama.

2007 Bhg. A, S1(a)

2.8 PENYELIDIKANAktiviti PUSTAKA Pengelasan organ-organ dalam sistem

Masteri

2.7 PERBINCANGANAktiviti

Objektif Pembelajaran2.3 Memahami sel membentuk tisu, organ dan sistem dalam badan manusia

Organisasi selKonstruktivisme

RESEARCHActivity LIBRARY2.8 5 Based on the given organs, state the type of system that is formed in a human body.

(a) Brain, spinal cord (Nervous system)(b) Skin, lung, kidney (Excretory system)(c) Blood vessel, heart (Blood circulatory system)(d) Testis, ovary (Reproductive system)(e) Mouth, stomach, liver (Digestive system)(f) Nose, lungs, trachea (Respiratory system)(g) Bones, joints (Skeletal system)

2.3 Understanding that cells form tissues, organs and systems in the human body

DISCUSSIONActivity2.7 1 State the sequence in the cell organisation in humans. (Cell, tissue, organ, system, human)

2 A group of similar cells that performs the same work is called …….……. (tissue) 3 A group of tissue that works together is called ……………. (organ) 4 A few organs work together to carry out certain function in a life process to form a …………… (system)


31

1 Label the structures of animal and plant cells below and state their function.

2 Animal cells do not contain , and .

3 organisms have only one cell.

4 organisms have many cells.

5 Complete the cell organisation below.

Human body

6 Name the organisms below. Write the symbols ‘u’ or ‘m’ to represent the unicellular and multicellular organisms respectively.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

7 State the type of cell based on its structure and its function.

• Transports oxygen • Takes part in • Sends information • Kills bacteriain the body reproduction (impulse) in the body

8 State the following structures as ‘cell’, ‘tissue’, ‘organ’ or ‘system’.

(a) Sperm: (b) Skin: (c) Excretory:

(d) Digestive: (e) Eardrum: (f) Lung:

(g) Eye: (h) Ovum: (i) Brain: OrganCellOrgan

OrganTissueSystem

SystemOrganCell

White blood cellNerve cellReproductive cellRed blood cell

Reproductive cell Red blood cell White blood cell Nerve cell

SpirogyraParameciumMucorAmoeba

mumu

SystemOrganTissueCell

Multicellular

Unicellular

vacuolechloroplastcell wall

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Plant cell

Animal cell

Cell membrane

Nucleus Vacuole

Cell wall

ChloroplastFunction:Controls all the

cell activities

Function:

Protects the cell

Function:

Contains chlorophyll

which absorbs light

during photosynthesis

Function:

Maintains the shape of

the cell/Protect the cell

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Questions in this section contain concepts and facts that

are frequently tested in the PMR exam. Make sure you can

answer all the questions correctly.PMR Key To SuccessToSoalan-soalan berikut melibatkan konsep atau fakta yang

kerap ditanya dalam peperiksaan PMR. Pastikan anda

boleh menjawap semua soalan berikut.PMR Kunci Kejayaan

31

1 Label struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan di bawah dan nyatakan fungsinya.

2 Sel-sel haiwan tidak mengandungi , dan .

3 Organisma hanya mempunyai satu sel.

4 Organisma mempunyai banyak sel.

5 Lengkapkan organisasi sel di bawah.

Badan manusia

6 Namakan organisma di bawah. Tuliskan simbol ‘u’ atau ‘m’ masing-masing untuk mewakili organisma unisel dan multisel.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

7 Nyatakan jenis sel berdasarkan struktur dan fungsinya.

• Mengangkut • Memainkan peranan • Menghantar maklumat • Membunuh bakteriaoksigen dalam badan dalam pembiakan (impuls) dalam badan

8 Nyatakan struktur yang berikut sebagai ‘sel’, ‘tisu’, ‘organ’ atau ‘sistem’.

(a) Sperma: (b) Kulit: (c) Perkumuhan:

(d) Pencernaan: (e) Gegendang telinga: (f) Peparu:

(g) Mata: (h) Ovum: (i) Otak: OrganSelOrgan

OrganTisuSistem

SistemOrganSel

Sel darah putihSel sarafSel pembiakanSel darah merah

Sel pembiakan Sel darah merah Sel darah putih Sel saraf

SpirogiraParamesiumMukorAmeba

mumu

SistemOrganTisuSel

multisel

unisel

vakuolkloroplasdinding sel

Membran sel

Nukleus

Sitoplasma

Sel tumbuhan

Sel haiwan

Membran sel

Nukleus

Kloroplas

Vakuol

Dinding sel

Fungsi:Mengawal semua

aktiviti sel

Fungsi:

Melindungi sel

Fungsi:

Mengandungi klorofil

yang menyerap cahaya

semasa fotosintesis

Fungsi:

Mengekalkan bentuk sel/

Melindungi sel

(a) (b) (c) (d)


32

PMR Enhancement Corner

Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.

PAPER 1

2

CLONE2000

CLONE2004

CLONE2005

CLONE2006

CLONE2006

CLONE2007

CLONE2000

CLONE2002

CLONE2008

CLONE2008

Mucor

Spirogyra

Yeast

Amoeba

Organisms

P

Q

1 The following information showsthe characteristics of a cell.

Which of the following is the othercharacteristic of a cell which hasthe properties listed above?A No cell membraneB Makes own foodC Does not respond to lightD Has more than one nucleus

2 Which of the following involvesin the fertilisation to produceoffspring?A C

B D

3 Diagram 1 shows a cell organisation.

Diagram 1

Which of the following belong ingroups X and Y?

X Y

A Platelet White blood cellB Kidneys OvumC Stomach SpermD Epithelial Lungs

tissue

4 Diagram 2 shows the classificationof organisms.

Diagram 2

Which of the following represents Pand Q?

P Q

A Multicellular Unicellular

B Unicellular Multicellular

C Have no Have cell cell wall wall

D Have vacuole Have no vacuole

5 Diagram 3 shows the structure of aplant cell.

Diagram 3

Which of the labelled structures A,B, C or D is not found in an animalcell?

6 Diagram 4 shows the structure of a cell.

Diagram 4

Which of the structures A, B, C or D absorbs light for photosynthesis?

7 Diagram 5 shows a type of tissue inhuman body.

Diagram 5

The tissue is a A nerve tissueB epithelial tissueC muscle tissueD connective tissue

8 Diagram 6 shows four types ofmicroorganisms.

Diagram 6

Which of the following are multi-cellular organisms?A Mucor and Spirogyra

B Paramecium and Amoeba

C Mucor and Paramecium

D Amoeba and Spirogyra

9 Which of the following builds up anorgan?A C

B D

10 Among the following structures,which are found in Spirogyra butnot in human skin cells?

I Cell wall III VacuoleII Chloroplast

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III D

D

A

Mucor ParameciumAmoeba Spirogyra

C

B

B

A

D

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

D

SystemOrganism

YXCell

C

B

• Has a fixed shape• Has big vacuole• Has cell wall

CLONE2009

PMR Sudut Pengukuhan

Tiap-tiap soalan yang berikut diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih jawapan yang terbaik.

KERTAS 1

2

32

KLON2000

KLON2004

KLON2005

KLON2000

KLON2002

KLON2006

KLON2007

KLON2006

KLON2008

KLON2008

Mukor

Spirogira

Yis

Ameba

Organisma

P

Q

1 Maklumat yang berikut menunjukkanciri-ciri satu sel.

Antara yang berikut, yang manakahme-rupakan ciri lain bagi satu selyang mempunyai sifat-sifat di atas?A Tidak mempunyai membran selB Membuat makanan sendiriC Tidak bergerak balas terhadap

cahayaD Mempunyai lebih daripada satu

nukleus

2 Antara yang berikut, yang manakahterlibat dalam persenyawaan untukmenghasilkan anak?A C

B D

3 Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatuorganisasi sel.

Rajah 1

Antara yang berikut, yang manakahtergolong dalam kumpulan X dan Y?

X Y

A Platlet Sel darah putihB Ginjal OvumC Perut SpermaD Tisu Peparu

epitelium

4 Rajah 2 menunjukkan pengelasanorganisma.

Rajah 2

Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmewakili P dan Q?

P Q

A Multisel Unisel

B Unisel Multisel

C Tidak ber- Berdindingdinding sel sel

D Bervakuol Tidak bervakuol

5 Rajah 3 menunjukkan struktur seltumbuhan.

Rajah 3

Antara struktur berlabel A, B, C danD, yang manakah tidak terdapatpada sel haiwan?

6 Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur sel.

Rajah 4

Antara struktur A, B, C dan D, yangmanakah berfungsi menyerap cahayauntuk fotosintesis?

7 Rajah 5 menunjukkan sejenis tisudalam badan manusia.

Rajah 5

Tisu ini ialahA tisu sarafB tisu epiteliumC tisu ototD tisu penghubung

8 Rajah 6 menunjukkan empat jenismikroorganisma.

Rajah 6

Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmikroorganisma multisel?A Mukor dan spirogiraB Paramesium dan amebaC Mukor dan paramesiumD Ameba dan spirogira

9 Antara yang berikut, yang manakahmembina organ?A C

B D

10 Antara struktur yang berikut, yangmanakah terdapat pada Spirogiratetapi tidak terdapat pada sel kulitmanusia?

I Dinding sel III VakuolII Kloroplas

A I dan II sahajaB I dan III sahajaC II dan III sahajaD I, II, dan III D

D

A

Mukor ParamesiumAmeba Spirogira

C

B

B

A

D

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

D

SistemOrganisma

YXSel

C

B

• Bentuk tetap• Vakuol besar• Berdinding sel

KLON2009


33

1 Diagram 1 shows the structure of a cell.

Diagram 1

(a) On Diagram 1, label structures X, Y and Z using the following words:

(b) Match structures X, Y and Z with their functions.

Structure Function

X • •

Y • •

Z • •

•

2 (a) Diagram 2 shows some examples of the cell organisation in the human body. (i) Which of the following is a cell? Tick (✓) in the box provided.

Diagram 2

(ii) Circle the words in the box below to show two other examples of cells.

(b) Draw lines to match each type of system with its function.

Supports and protects theinternal organs of the body

Absorbs oxygen andeliminates carbon dioxidefrom the body

Breaks up food into asimpler form to be absorbedby the body

nosetrachea

lungs

mouthoesophagusstomach

intestinespancreas

cartilage

bones

Ear Ovum Lungs Sperm

Place where chemical processes occur

Protects the cell

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light during photosynthesis

Controls cell activities

Cell wall Chloroplast Nucleus

Section AAnswer all the questions.

PAPER 2

X :__________________Z :__________________

Y :__________________

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Cell wall CLONE2005 Sec.A, Q1

CLONE2007 Sec.A, Q1

✓

33

1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel.

Rajah 1

(a) Pada Rajah 1, label struktur X, Y, dan Z dengan menggunakan perkataan yang berikut:

(b) Padankan struktur X, Y, dan Z dengan fungsinya.

Struktur Fungsi

X • •

Y • •

Z • •

•

2 (a) Rajah 2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh organisasi sel dalam badan manusia. (i) Antara yang berikut, yang manakah sel? Tandakan (✓) dalam petak yang disediakan.

Rajah 2

(ii) Bulatkan perkataan dalam petak di bawah untuk menunjukkan dua contoh lain bagi sel.

(b) Lukis garisan untuk memadankan setiap jenis sistem dengan fungsinya.

Menyokong dan melindungiorgan dalaman badan

Menyerap oksigen danmenyingkirkan karbondioksida dari badan

Memecahkan makanankepada bentuk ringkasuntuk diserap oleh badan

peparu

hidungtrakea

usus

mulutesofagusperutpankreas

rawan

tulang

Telinga Ovum Peparu Sperma

Tempat berlakunya proses kimia

Melindungi sel

Mengandungi klorofil yang menyerap cahaya semasa fotosintesis

Mengawal semua aktiviti sel

Dinding sel Kloroplas Nukleus

KERTAS 2

Bahagian AJawab semua soalan.

X: __________________Z: __________________

Y: __________________

Kloroplas

Nukleus

Dinding selKLON2005 Bhg.A, S1

KLON2007 Bhg.A, S1

✓


34

Section BAnswer all the questions.

3 Diagram 3 shows organisms P, Q, R and S.

P Q R S

Diagram 3

Based on the observations in Diagram 3, answer the following questions.

(a) State one characteristic for each of the organisms P, Q, R and S.

P:Has a cell membrane/Has cytoplasm

Q:Has a cell membrane/Has cytoplasm

R:Has a cell wall/Has chloroplast

S:Has a cell wall/Has chloroplast

(b) Classify organisms P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common characteristics. Name the organisms in eachgroup.s

Have a cell wall/

Have chloroplast

Do not have a cell wall/

Do not have chloroplast

Paramecium

Amoeba

Chlamydomonas

Spirogyra

Commoncharacteristics

Nameof organisms

P, Q, R and S

CLONE2004 Sec.A, Q1

34

Bahagian BJawab soalan di bawah.

3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan organisma P, Q, R, dan S.

P Q R S

Rajah 3

Berdasarkan pemerhatian pada Rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.

(a) Nyatakan satu ciri bagi setiap organisma P, Q, R, dan S.

P:Mempunyai membran sel/Mempunyai sitoplasma

Q:Mempunyai membran sel/Mempunyai sitoplasma

R:Mempunyai dinding sel/Mempunyai kloroplas

S:Mempunyai dinding sel/Mempunyai kloroplas

(b) Kelaskan organisma P, Q, R, dan S kepada dua kumpulan berdasarkan ciri sepunya. Namakan organisma-organismadalam setiap kumpulan.

KLON2004 Bhg.A, S1

Mempunyai dinding sel/

Mempunyai kloroplas

Tidak mempunyai

dinding sel/Tidak

mempunyai kloroplas

Paramesium

Ameba

Klamidomonas

Spirogira

Ciri sepunya

Namaorganisma

P, Q, R dan S


chapter 2 (23-34)

Education

memahami sel

unit of life chapter

clean slide

atas slaid

unit of lifemark

understanding cells

letakkan slaid

clean toothpick