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Chapter 19 TOWARD AN URBAN SOCIETY, 18771900 Slide 2 Urban and Rural Population, 18701900 (in millions) Slide 3 Life in the Cities Tenements Very poor living conditions Disease spread quickly Inadequate sanitation Poor ventilation Polluted water Overcrowded Up to 12 people shared a room Slide 4 Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Slide 5 Immigration to the United States, 18701900 Slide 6 Foreign-born Population, 1890 Slide 7 New Immigrants Most immigrants moved for economic reasons and entered through Ellis Island 1880s: Eastern + Southern European new immigrants prompted resurgent Nativism Nativist organizations tried to limit immigration Immigrants seen as threats to American society Slide 8 Welcome to All Slide 9 Looking Backward Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Political Machines Traded services for votes Provided necessary services for immigrants Made millions of dollars in the process Improved conditions in cities, but were also extreme examples of graft + corruption Brooklyn Bridge Slide 13 Boss Tweed + Tammany Hall (NYC) Cartoons by Thomas Nast (a mugwump) Slide 14 Slide 15 Slide 16 New Women Women with self-supporting careers Demanded an end to gender discrimination Advocated suffrage Susan B. Anthony Slide 17 Educating the Masses Trend toward universal education 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson allowed "separate but equal" schools Slide 18 The Settlement Houses Many workers women Classical, practical education for poor, immigrants Most famous was Jane Addams' Hull House in Chicago