Chapter 19

Progressive Politicians

Section One

Reforming Government

I. Government Corruption

A. Political machines- all levelsB. Millionaires' Club- 1890- Senate

II. Election Reforms

A. Direct PrimaryB. Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of

SenatorsC. Secret ballot- no colored ballotsD. Initiative, referendum, recall

III. Reforming City Government

A. The Mayor1. Samuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones- Toledo2. Tom Johnson- Cleveland

B. Mixed recordC. City Commissions and managers

1. Galveston, Texas- hurricane- commissioners to rebuild

IV. Reforming State Government

A. Robert M La Follete- Wisconsin Idea1. Direct primary2. Taxes on industries3. Curbed lobbying

Section Two

Roosevelt and the Square Deal

I. Roosevelt Becomes President

A. Roosevelt takes office1. McKinley assassinated- Leon Czolgosz2. Leadership to progressive movement3. “bully pulpit”

B. United Mine Workers Strike- 19021. Washington Gladden petition2. Arbitration- both sides get some- called “square deal”

C. The “Square Deal”1. Balance interest2. Limiting power of trust, promote public health and safety,

improve working conditions

Discussion

• Should government regulate business or keep its hands off?

II. Regulating Business

A. Trustbusting1. Northern Securities Co.2. 44 law suits against big business3. Railroad regulation

B. Practices of food and drug companies1. Food and chemicals2. Drugs- useless or harmful

C. Protection1. “The Jungle”- Upton Sinclair- jingle 5782. Meat Inspection Act3. Pure Food and Drug Act

Read excerpt from The Jungle

• Page 579• With a partner imagine it is 1906 and that you are

reformers concerned about trusts and the food and drug industry practices. Imagine you have just discovered major corporate violations. Create two wanted posters for fictional violators. Include text and illustrations that describe the violations.

• WHAT did the government do to protect people from such violations?

III. Protecting the Environment

A. National ParksB. Newlands Reclamation ActC. National Park Service

Section Three

Reform Under Taft

I. Taft takes Office

A. Taft vs. Bryan- Roosevelt supports TaftB. Laid backC. Dept of Labor, mine safety laws, 8 hr workdayD. Sixteenth Amendment- graduated income tax

II. Taft Angers the Progressives

A. Payne Aldrich Tariff- high tariffB. Ballinger-Pinchot affair- sale of federal landC. Roosevelt and election of 1910

1. Supported opposition to Taft

III. Republican Party Divides

A. Cannon debate- strip power of Speaker of the House

B. Roosevelt returns to politics1. Bull Moose Party- splits republicans

IV. A Democratic Victory

A. Wilson Program1. Woodrow Wilson- New Freedom

a. Help small businesses

B. Wilson sweeps election1. Taft, Roosevelt, Wilson, Eugene Debs

Section Four

Wilson’s “New Freedom”

I. Reform on Many Fronts

A. Tariffs- lowered- Underwood Tariff ActB. Graduated income taxC. Banking reform

1. Federal Reserve Act of 1913D. Big Business

1. Clayton Antitrust Act2. Federal Trade Commission

II. Wilson and Workers

A. Farm and Labor Acts1. Federal Farm Loan Act2. Adamson Act3. Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act

B. Child Labor1. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

III. Struggle for Women’s Suffrage

A. National American Women Suffrage Association- NAWSA

1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Susan B. Anthony2. Start small

B. Alice Paul1. National Woman’s Party2. National level

C. Carrie Chapman Catt- NAWSA1. Successful state campaigns

D. Nineteenth Amendment- 1920