Chapter 19 & 20

Verb Review

1. When we refer to the tense of the verb, we mean the _________

when the action occurs. time

2. The action of a present tense verb

happens in the ________ but theaction of an imperfect tense verbwas happening in the __________.

present

past

3. The imperfect tense in Latin is indicated by the tense sign _______which appears before the personalendings -m,-s,-t,-mus,-tis,-nt

-ba-

4. Exceptions to this rule are theirregular verbs ____________and ____________ which have theletters ______ in their imperfectforms.

sum, essepossum,

posse-era-

Activity 1: Conjugate the following verb in the present and imperfect tense.

Latin singular

English singular

Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus

Tenses:

Present: Caupo mussat.The innkeeper mutters.

Imperfect: Caupo mussabat.The innkeeper wasmuttering.

Perfect:Caupo mussavit.The innkeeper

muttered.

The perfect tense may also refer to an action that someone has completed of present time:

Servus meus alium tibi paravit.

My slave has prepared another

bed for you.

Perfect Endings!!

singular plural

1st: -i = I -imus = we

2nd: -isti = you -istis =

you all

3rd: -it = he, she, it -erunt = they

Marcus slaves

How to form the perfect tense:

1. drop the -i from the 3rd principalpart + perfect endings

intro, intrāre, intravi, intratus mitto, mittere, misi, missus

3rd principal 3rd principalpart part

intrav- mis-

In many verbs, the stem for the perfect tense endings in -v-, -s-,-u-, -x-, or -d-.

  Latin singular English

singular

Latin plural English plural

1st: duxi I led, I have led

duximus we led, we have led 

2nd: duxisti you led,you have led

duxistis you all led,you all have led

3rd: duxit he led,he has led

duxerunt they led,they have led

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus

Principal Parts of Verbs

When we refer to a Latin verb, we normally give the four principal parts, from which all forms of that verb may be derived. Since Chapter 10 you have been seeing the first two principal parts of verbs in vocabulary lists. All four principal parts of the verb paro are: paro: 1st person, singular, present tense =I prepare, I am

preparing, I do prepare

parāre: present infinitive = to prepare

paravi: 1st person, singular, perfect tense = I prepared, I have prepared, I did prepare

paratus: perfect passive participle = having been prepared, prepared

  present infinitiv

e

perfect participl

e

meanin

g1st: lacrimo lacrimāre lacrimavi lacrimatu

s

to cry,

weep2nd: habeo habēre habui habitus to have,

hold3rd: mitto mittere misi missus to send

3rd –io: iacio iacere ieci iactus to throw

4th: audio audīre audivi auditus to hear,

listen

1. In future vocabulary lists, the principal parts of verbs in the 1st, 2nd and 4th conjugations that follow set patterns will appear as follows:

paro, -āre, -avi, atus to preparehabeo, -ēre, -ui, -itus to have, holdaudio,-īre, -ivi, -itus to hear,

listen 2. There is not set pattern for 3rd conjugation verbs. Their principal parts will be given in vocabulary lists in full:

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus to lead  3. The principal parts of irregular verbs will be given in full with the notation

irreg.:sum, esse, fui, futurs to beeo, īre, ivi, itus to go

Activity 3: Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect tense.

Latin singular

English singular

Latin plural

English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

Activity 4: Translate into English

1. Cornelius erat sollicitus quod omnes cauponaeerant periculosae et multi caupones erant

scelesti.

2. In magnam cauponam tamen intravit et cauponem

obesum bonam cenam parāre iussit.

3. Cornelius cum omnibus viatoribus cenabat.

Cornelius was worried because all inns were dangerous and many innkeepers were wicked.

He entered into the large inn however and ordered the fat innkeeper to prepare a good dinner.

Cornelius was dining with all the travelers.

4. Subito Aurelia gemuit quod cubiculum sordidum

erat.

5. Mox servi cauponis lectum meliorem in cubiculum

poratverunt.

6. Cornelii uxor defessa cubitum īre poterat.

Suddenly Aurelia groaned because the bedroom was dirty.

Soon the slaves of the innkeeper carried a better bed into the bedroom.

The tired wife of Cornelius was able to go to bed.

Activity 5 - Supply the appropriate perfect tense endings, and then translate.

1. Ubi tunica Sexti in ramis haerebat; nos omnes ris_________.

2. Quo ivit Cornelia? Ego et Marcus patrem hoc(this) rogav_________, sed ille(he) nihil respond__________.

imus

When the tunic of Sextus was stuck in the branches; we all laughed

imusit

Where has Cornelia gone? Marcus and I asked father this, but he replied nothing.

3. Quamquam Sextus fu_________ molestus, servi eum non verberav__________.

4. Ubi heri fu_________, Marce et Cornelia? Pater et mater nos iuss_________ hic manēre.

iterunt

Although Sextus was/has been annoying, the slaves have not beat him.

istis erunt

Where were you all/have you all been, Marcus and Cornelia? Father and mother ordered us to stay here.

5. Postquam vos cenav_________, cubitum īre volu_________.

6. Tune Cornelium vid_______, ubi tu Romam adven_______? Ego certe eum non vid______.

istisistis

After you all dined, you all wanted to go to bed.

istiisti i

Have you seen/Did you see Cornelius, when you arrived to Rome? I certainly have not seen/did not see him.