chapter 18a: foreign policy a brief history of us foreign policy (from 1800 to 2000) 1 learning...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy
A Brief History of US Foreign Policy(From 1800 to 2000)
1
Learning Objectives 1-2:Learning Objectives 1-2:
(1). History of(1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)US Foreign Policy (FP) fromfrom isolationismisolationism thru thru Cold WarCold War toto post-post-Cold WarCold War era era..(2). Define the following key (2). Define the following key FPFP terms: terms: Monroe Doctrine, Globalism, containment ,Truman Monroe Doctrine, Globalism, containment ,Truman Doctrine, NATO, 3rd World, détente, enlargementDoctrine, NATO, 3rd World, détente, enlargement,, and and neo-isolationismneo-isolationism..
![Page 2: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
US Foreign Policy (FP)A Brief History:
2
1798-1941 The ?__________ Era
1942-1945 World War II (start of “?__________”)
1991-2000 The Post- ?__________ War era
1946-1989 The ?__________ War
New category following 9/11/2001 (Next Class )
Let’s examine these periods in greater detail
![Page 3: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Brief History of U.S. Foreign Policy (FP)
• ?__________ **A foreign policy built on the principle of avoiding
formal military and political alliances with other countries.• The ?__________ Era comprised:
– 1st 150 years of US History & stressed: • Adherence to guidance of Washington’s Farwell address• Stressed avoiding political connections overseas• US should pursue commercial trade ties only
– US militarily was weak & focused on expansion westward– Not interested in global role (2 oceans of separation)
• What FP Doctrine* asserted US interests for the first time outside America, primarily throughout Western Hemisphere (1823)?
3
![Page 4: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The ?__________ Doctrine*
4
A basic principle of U.S. foreign policy that dates back to a warning President James Monroe issued in 1823 that the United States would resist further European efforts to intervene in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
![Page 5: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
?__________ Doctrine (1823)• ?__________ Doctrine was invoked for first time in 1895 by=>?
– Aim: Protect US interest in Western Hemisphere• US involvement overseas was primarily in LATAM
– US Military Intervention escalated beginning in 1900:
5
![Page 6: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
World War I• US deviated from Isolationism briefly during WWI
6
WW1 (Woodrow Wilson)=> initially insisted US stay neutral- until? German ?__________ SS warfare & ?__________ telegram Then reversed position to make world “safe for democracy” After WW1=> isolationism returned with a vengeance US Senate rejected League of Nations & Versailles treaty US isolationism set the stage for next global war => ?
![Page 7: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
World War ?____
• US stayed out of the War as Hitler first attacked– Why does US change its mind about involvement in the War?
7
![Page 8: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Air Raid ?__________ ?__________
December 7, 1941America Enters World War ?
__
![Page 9: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TORA, TORA, TORA!
9
Impact on American Public Opinion?
• Starting at 0740 Japanese launched 2 waves torpedo & fighter A/C from CVs north of PH– Japanese attack US PACFLT at Pearl Harbor, HI– Aim point: Battle Ship row on Ford Island– Also destroy A/C on ground
at Hickam AFB& other bases
• Japan achieved tactical surprise & victory– Several BBs sunk or
seriously damaged – Many other ships &
equipment- 2500+ US KIA
![Page 10: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The End of World War II
• Hitler’s Germany and Imperial Japan were finally defeated• Following WWII, the reason for the Grand Alliance with the Soviet
Union soon dissolved • US also rethinks its previous foreign policy of ?_____________• And soon a new kind of war would begin…
10
![Page 11: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The ?_______ War• After WWII US adopted a new Foreign Policy (FP):
– ?______________ :*– US should be prepared to use military force around the globe to protect its
political & economic interests• Following WWII => who emerged as primary thereat to
US political & military interest? – ?__________ under ?__________
• Presidential doctrine formulated as a result?– ?_______________ Doctrine:
• US would actively oppose communists’ attempts to overthrow or conquer non-communist nations
• US Foreign Policy that emerged from the Truman Doctrine?*
11
![Page 12: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
?________________ *
12
A bedrock principle of U.S. foreign policy from mid 1940s to early 1990s that emphasized the need to contain any further Soviet territorial & communist ideological expansion.
What was the economic instrument of Containment?
?__________ Plan: US commitment to rebuild Europe $100 Billion appropriated for task in today’s $$$ Soviets initially invited to participate (reaction?)
Countered with their own $$$ plan: ?__________ Plan How did Containment work?*
![Page 13: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
IDEOLOGY
GEO-POLITICAL
& STRATEGIC
MILITARY
Soviet Threat US Policy of Containment
What was the military instrument of Containment?
Containment – An Illustration
![Page 14: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cold War Military Alliances
14
![Page 15: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Cold War (CW) Heats Up• As Soviets become more aggressive
– US becomes more concerned with its former WWII Ally• As result conducted major National Security reassessment
– This reassessment produced NSC-68: • National Security Strategy for Containment• Concluded a major increase in US conventional military forces and defense
spending required
• The Truman administration balked at high price tag– So NSC-68 was filed in bottom drawer of someone’s Top Secret
safe in the Pentagon (It happens a lot)• That’s where it probably would have stayed had not the
North Koreans attacked the South
15
![Page 16: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Korean War• The US and USSR had tried to avoid direct
military confrontation throughout Cold War– So conflict had generally been fought indirectly
through proxies (In this case North Korea & China) • NK had gotten Stalin’s OK with China’s support
– North Korea’s invasion across the 38th parallel in June 1950 caught US by surprise and unprepared
– SK & US forces rapidly retreated SE to Pusan• US saw invasion as part of Soviet’s global strategy
– Failure of the US to act would discourage allies & encourage foes (esp. those threatening Europe)
• General MacArthur would turn things around: – US held Pusan Perimeter until he could reinforce it– Then launched Inchon Landing to cut off NK LOCs – Truman then tempted fate by expanding US/UN
war aims to unify Korea under South Korea-result?• US threat to Yalu prompted China to act
– China launched surprise counter-attack across Yalu– Forced US & SK forces to retreat back across 38thll
• MacArthur then attempted to expand war which prompted Truman to replace him with Ridgeway – Gen Ridgeway’s counter-offensive pushed NK back to 38thll– Armistice talks then drew War out for 2 more years of stalemate
16
![Page 17: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
The Berlin Wall• Under Presidents Eisenhower &
Kennedy, Cold War tensions had substantially escalated by the 1960s– Europe was always the focus of the Cold War,
and Germany & Berlin were its epicenter – Khrushchev attempted to test JFK at their
first meeting in Vienna• K had insisted the US get out of Berlin- JFK said No
• The Soviets then allowed the East Germans to build a wall separating East Berlin from the West – Tensions between the two sides
grew as each side attempted to best or spy on the other
• But it was not in Europe or Berlin where the two foes almost came to serious blows…– That occurred 90 miles south of the Florida Keys (?)
![Page 18: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
?_______ ?________ Crisis – October 1962• US & USSR came closest to direct confrontation when:
– Khrushchev attempted to emplace missiles in Cuba:• Soviets deployed 36 MRBM & 24 IRBM into Cuba
– US spy plane (U-2) detected & CIA confirmed/informed Whitehouse• JFK demanded their immediate removal:
– Issued stern warning to Soviets on national TV– Placed US military on full alert & pre-positioned combat units– Ordered contingency plans for invasion of Cuba – Finally ordered a blockade of Soviet ships bound for Cuba
• The Soviets “blinked” and the crisis ended• If two sides had not narrowly avoided further
escalation, what could have happened?
![Page 19: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
US versus USSR- The Indirect Approach• US & USSR avoided direct confrontations:
– Competition between the two was usually kept at margins=> in the 3rd World
– US primary Foreign Policy goal: • Prevent potential spread of communism
• A Major test of this goal? • US (Ike) supported the French in SE Asia
– Aim: Contain Soviet expansion in SE Asia• US view of most global crises & conflicts?
– Most conflicts during Cold War viewed as Soviet (or PRC)/communist inspired:
– USSR => China => North Vietnam => South Vietnam’s guerilla insurgents
• How did the US (JFK) initially deal with South Vietnam’s insurgency?* 19
?__________ War:
![Page 20: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Counter ?__________ (CI)• JFK sent ?_______ Forces & SEAL advisors to conduct CI
20
LBJ expanded US involvement following 1964 Tonkin Gulf incident
![Page 21: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
“Americanization” of Vietnam War (1965-1968)• Conventional US Troops soon took over fighting for SVN
– Reached high point of 543,000 US troops “in country” by 1969
21The majority of Americans supported US policy & the war until 1968
![Page 22: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The “?_____” Offensive- 1968
• NVA & VC struck 36 of 44 Provincial capitols & six major cities– Including: AMEMB, Tan Son Nhut airport, Presidential Palace, & Hue – The American people became disillusioned as the War drug on, and was
bought home to them up front & personal into their living rooms on TV
• US looked for an “Exit” out of Vietnam “with honor”22
![Page 23: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Exit Strategy• US involvement reached high point by late 1968
– America became acutely divided over war
– Following the Tet Offensive most Americans just wanted out– All desperately sought a way out of what many by now were calling: a
“quagmire”
• Nixon came to power with what he said was a “secret plan” to get out of Vietnam– The Plan: “Vietnamization” ( turn war over RVN)– Nixon’s Aim: allow US to withdraw & claim “Peace with Honor”
• Nixon sought Soviet & PRC help to get US out – Aim: Get Soviets & China to push North Vietnam to serious peace talks
with the US– His diplomatic efforts* finally paid off
23
![Page 24: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
End Game• Nixon pursued easing of tensions between
US & Soviets –pursued a policy called?– ?_____________’ *– *A policy of Nixon administration which was followed to
develop more cordial relations with the Soviet Union. – Aimed in part in enlisting Soviet support to assist US in getting
North Vietnam back to peace table & serious negotiations – So that US could get out of Vietnam “with honor.”
• February 1973=> Paris Peace Accords were finally signed– American turned the war over to South Vietnam government – US military forces then withdrew– But the Truce between North & South Vietnam didn’t last long
24
![Page 25: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Peace Without Honor & the “Vietnam Syndrome”
25
1975: NVA launched its Final Offensive
America’s humiliation following Vietnam’s defeat would hamper its FP
![Page 26: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
End of Détente’• 1979: Carter felt “betrayed” when the
Soviets invaded Afghanistan– “Betrayal” caused end of Détente & failure of SALT II
• Senate refused to ratify the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty in response– Carter withdrew US participation in Moscow Olympics (1980) – Then embarked on military build-up & formation of RDJTF– Carter Doctrine declared: US will do what it takes in SW Asia
• 1980-84: Ronald Reagan’s 1st term: – AKA: the “Evil Empire” period– US defense budget rose, construction of 600 ship Navy & SDI– US-Soviet arms race ensued (that the Soviets could never win)– Reagan made his famous “Evil Empire” Speech
• Result: US-Soviet relations plummet 26
![Page 27: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ronald Reagan vs. “The Evil Empire”• Reagan pursued a hard line with the
Soviets, then led by Leonid Brezhnev• USSR was led by dying Old Guard
• Three would die in office during Reagan’s term• The Soviet system itself was dying as well
• By that time it was totally corrupt & rotten to its core – Existed on barrowed economic times – The Black Market was main source of Russia’s consumer goods– Serious reform was long past due to save it from collapse
• 1985: a relatively young Mikhail Gorbachev came to power – He realized the USSR could not keep up with the strategic arms race
• In fact they had gone broke trying & had failed– He attempted major reforms => Perestroika & Glasnost– The Problem: Too little too late– Soviet system was too corrupt & broken to salvage
• Soviet & US relations dramatically improved when Gorbachev came to power:– Gorbachev & RR reached historic understandings & breakthroughs– Their agreements would go far toward ending the Cold War– But it was events totally out of their control that really sealed its end=>
27
![Page 28: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Year of ?__________ - 1989• Year of ?__________ & End of Euro Communism
– Communist Regimes of Eastern Europe began to fall – Convincingly illustrated by Fall of Berlin Wall
• Symbol of Soviet Communist power throughout East Europe crumbled along with the Berlin Wall
• Germany’s reunification soon followed
• US Military operations in Third World continued:– Grenada, Panama, Iraq #1 (Persian Gulf War)– Soviet Union’s lack of support for its former allies
demonstrated just how weak the USSR had become• Fall of Soviet Union itself - 1991
– Followed a last ditch failed coup by Communist in August that was thwarted by Boris Yeltsin
– Six months later the Soviet Union collapsed– Marked Official end of Cold War
28
![Page 29: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
After the Cold War • New World Order –
– Strategic reassessment (Bush I) tried to figure out what US should do during the post Cold War era
– Still trying to decide when Clinton was elected in 1992
• Clinton pursued a Foreign Policy called ?_____________– Aim: expand democracy & free markets globally
• Also use military force as required (& we did):– Somalia 1993– Haiti 1994– Bosnia & NATO peacekeeping- 1995– Serbia: NATO air strikes- bombing – 1999– Kosovo – NATO bombing & peacekeeping- 2000
29
![Page 30: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Next Class Assignment• Chapter 18b: Foreign Policy (continued)
– Remaining Learning Objectives 3-10 & Quiz 4• Preparation for Course Review (next Thursday)
– Also: RESEARCH PAPER IS DUE next Thusday!!!
30
![Page 31: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Back-up Slides
31
![Page 32: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Grave Miscalculation• Operational short falls:
– Oil storage tanks in tact– US CVs were missed (absent)– Ship repair/Dry Docks not hit– Allowed US timely repairs &
response from Pearl Harbor • Strategic & Political blunder:
– Started war Japanese could not possibly win- with time:
• US potential economic & industrial capacity simply unmatched
• Military strength superior to everyone once it mobilized
– “Sneak attack” unified American people against Japan=> for war
32
![Page 33: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Reagan & Gorbachev• Soviet & US relations dramatically improved
when Gorbachev came to power:– Gorbachev & RR reached an historic understanding– 1985: “ice breaker” summit in Iceland successful
• With a number of others follow (1985-89):
– Dec’87: major arms reduction breakthrough occurred• US-USSR agreed to dismantle 2000+ medium/short range missiles• Mutual on-site inspections agreed to by USSR (“trust but verify”)• Most significant agreement between the two superpowers since WWII
• 1989=> US-USSR Cold War relations rapidly became OBE– Communist control of East Europe soon unraveled
• Gorbachev refused to prop up East European communist regimes– 1991: USSR would travel a similar route
• Collapsed after hard line communist coup attempt in August 1991• Dec 31, 1991=> USSR dissolved itself & Cold War finally ended
33
![Page 34: Chapter 18a: Foreign Policy A Brief History of US Foreign Policy (From 1800 to 2000) 1 Learning Objectives 1-2: (1). History of US Foreign Policy (FP)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e455503460f94b3a1b6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
End of Détente’ • Détente’ lasted until 1979
– Until Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in late 1979 – Invasion brought US-Soviet Détente’ to an abrupt end
(Carter)
• US-Soviet relations declined even more when Ronald Reagan took office – US-Soviet relations become seriously strained – Soviets paranoid that Reagan secretly planning to attack – Soviets shoot down Korean Airlines over Kamchatka– Reagan makes his famous “Evil Empire” Speech
• US-Soviet relations plummet 34