chapter 18 the reign of king cotton 1865-1895

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Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895 Essential Question

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Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895. Essential Question. Section 1 Postwar Changes to Texas Farming. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Chapter 18The Reign of King Cotton

1865-1895

Essential Question

Page 2: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Section 1Postwar Changes to Texas Farming

After the Civil War, life in Texas changed dramatically. Economic problems led to a return

to the small family farm, and the freed slaves faced the problems of earning a living in

conditions that were often unfair.

Page 3: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Return of the Small Farm• After Civil War, farming became more a more

popular way of making a living

• Because of lack of efficient transportation, most people did not try to do Commercial Farming• Commercial Farming: producing crops to sell

• Most people practiced Subsistence Farming– Subsistence Farming: growing enough food for

their family’s needs– Barter: trade one product for another

Page 4: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

The Rise of Tenant Farming• Landowners rented out extra land = Tenant

Farming– Tenant Farming: renting out the land where you

live and farm

• Most of the tenant farmers could not pay their rent with money, so the were called Sharecroppers– Sharecroppers: people who paid their rent with a

portion of their crops

Page 5: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Tenant Farming, con’t• Landlord: person that owned the land that

then tenant farmers rented

• Many farmers had to buy other food and clothing on credit….they had to pay back what they owed

• Mortgage: something you would have to give to person you borrowed money from if you couldn’t pay money you owed

Page 6: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Social Adjustments after the Civil War

• Many freed slaves were now farmers…they had their own farms

• Many of these slaves became sharecroppers

• This was difficult for both African Americans and whites

Page 7: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895
Page 8: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Section 2Railroads Lead to Commercial Farming

To sell their crops, farmers needed a reliable and inexpensive way to transport goods. Railroads

solved this problem. Soon, commercial farming became a major Texas industry

Page 9: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Transportation Problems in Texas

• Commercial farming was hard because there were no easy ways to get crops to places so they could be sold

• Texans were isolated from Commerce– Commerce: Things that could be transported

somewhere else and sold

Page 10: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Railroads Provide a Solution• After country settled down after the Civil War and

Reconstruction, railroads expanded quickly

• By 1890, Texas had more than 8000 miles of railroad tracks

• Railroads helped farmers and the growth of cities

• Railroads helped farming expand into West Texas

Page 11: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Major Railroads, 1900

Page 12: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Farmers Discover a Water Source• When railroads helped open up West Texas for

farming, farmers realized they needed water

• Soon water was discovered underground and had windmills to pump the water from the ground

• Windmills became a symbol of civilization on plains of Texas

Page 13: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Technology Revolutionizes Farming

• Other things that helped farming:– Steel plow• The “Blue Kelly”

–Robert Munger developed a better method for processing cotton

Page 14: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Section 3Cotton: The King of Texas Crops

The success of cotton production changed the face of Texas. It created a growth in industry

and caused an entire culture to spring up around cotton farming.

Page 15: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Cotton Demands on Time and Resources

• Cotton production ruled farming industry in late 1800s

• Railroads helped farmers get cotton out and meet the high demands for cotton around country and world

• No crop made more money

Page 16: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

Cotton Demands, con’t

• Growing cotton changed lives of farmers– Spent more time in fields – Spent less time on household activities– More of a demand for ready-made items• Leather goods• Clothes• Supplies

– This demand for ready-made items led to growth of cities and manufacturing• Manufacturing: making things by hand or machine

that could be sold in large numbers

Page 17: Chapter 18 The Reign of King Cotton 1865-1895

A Cotton Culture Emerges• In late 1800s, Texas farm life centered around the

cotton season– Planting in Spring– Cultivating the crop in Summer– Harvesting in August

• In good crop years, people had extra money to spend• In bad crop years, people really struggled– Drought– Boll Weevils– People had to borrow money on credit to buy seeds, etc…

started a chain of borrowing that was hard to get out of…led many into poverty