Chapter 18 The Age of Reform

Section One: The Progressive Movement

I. The Progressive Spirit

A. The Progressives1. Focused on plight of workers, poor sanitation,

corrupt political machines2. Usually middle or upper class, college educated

B. Women and progressivism1. Joined as a way to influence politics

II. Progressive Issues

A. A dangerous workplace1. Steel mill- 25% injured or killed a year2. Wanted- 8 hr day, minimum wage, safer working

conditions, end to child laborB. Social problems

1. Election reforms2. Science and technology to solve social problems

III. Inspiration for Reform

A. Muckraking press1. Spread the message2. McClure’s Magazine3. “raked up” and exposed the muck, or filth of society

B. Tarbell and Standard Oil1. Focused on business practices of John D. Rockefeller

C. Muckraking books1. Lincoln Steffens- Shame of Cities2. Ray Stannard Baker- African American Injustices, lynching

IV. Writers and Social Problems

A. Harsh effects of industrial societyB. Theodore DreiserC. Edith WhartonD. Herbert Croly

Section Two

Reforming the New Industrial Order

I. Reforming the Workplace

A. 10 hrs a day, 6 days, $1.50 a day= menB. Female and child laborers

1. Worked for lessC. Labor Laws

1. Limit child labor2. Improve conditions3. Limited hours4. Higher wages- minimum-wage law

II. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A. March 25, 1911, New York CityB. fire in the factory- workers stuck insideC. 143 workers die in fire

III. Progressivism and the Supreme Court

A. Most early legislation overturnedB. Fourteenth Amendment- “any person of life,

liberty, or property, without due process of law”

IV. Labor Unions

A. Fought for workersB. AFL- American Federation of Labor

1. Samuel GompersC. ILGWU- International Ladies Garment Workers Union

1. “Uprising of 20,000”- strike2. Mixed results

D. IWW- Industrial Workers of the World1. Socialist2. Short lived

Section Three

Reforming Society

I. Cleaning up the city

A. Cleaning up1. Better housing, improve public education2. Garbage collection ,health care, police, and fire

protection3. Playgrounds and parks

B. City planning1. Park construction, building codes, sanitation standards, and zoning

II. Moral Reform

A. The passage of prohibition1. Anti-Saloon League and the Woman’s Christian

Temperance Union2. Eighteenth Amendment- 19173. Repealed in 1933

B. Moviegoing1. 5 or 10 cent movie ticket2. Nickelodeons3. Reformers demanded that movies be censored

III. Progressives and Racial Discrimination

A. Views of Du Bois1. African American influential leader2. Early civil rights leader

B. African Americans organize1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-

NAACP- 19092. Used court system3. National Urban League4. Fought for civil rights

C. American Indians1. Society of American Indians

IV. Immigrants and Assimilation

A. Mixed resultsB. discriminationC. Americanization- assimilation

1. Taught to read, write, and speak English

Assignment

– You are to plan your own Industrial city. On a piece of paper sketch a city that will attract employers and residents. Include in your sketch all improvements that were covered in the last few chapters.

– Should be included:• Jobs- Industrial center• Residential library• Parks Social Services- police station, Fire, etc.• Sports and leisure streets• Schools suburbs