chapter 18 temperature and salainity in oceans
TRANSCRIPT
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
In the Name of
Allah,
the Boundlessly Merciful, the InfinitelyCompassionate. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of theworlds; and peace and blessings of Allah be uponHis Prophet
Muhammed
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Chapter 19: DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE &
SALINITY OF THE OCEANS
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• “is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water.”
• “No of grams of salts dissolved in per kilo gram of sea water.”
Salinity
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Which ocean is the biggest?OCEAN SURFACE AREA [km2] OF ALL
OCEANS…
Atlantic 90,818,000 27.1%
Indian 68,556,000 20.4%
Pacific 155,557,000 46.4%
Southern 20,327,000 6.1%
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Which ocean has the most coastline?
OCEAN COASTLINE LENGTH [km]
Atlantic 111,866
Indian 66,526
Pacific 135,663
Southern 17,968
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
QUESTION:Is saltwater the same everywhere?
ANSWER:Nope.
In general, the Atlantic Ocean is the “saltiest.”
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Please Pass the Salt…
• “Run-of-the-mill” concentration?• 3.5 grams/liter
• Like weather, there are areas of • HIGH salinity• LOW salinity
So, where are these “highs” and “lows”?
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Please Pass the Salt…
H
H
H
H
H
L
L
L
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Mmmmm…Salty!DEAD SEA FACTS:• Really a large lake• Water gets in, but not out!
• Fed by River Jordan• Evaporation only way out
• Has nearly 10 times the salinity of the oceans!
• Leads to increased density
Dead Sea was named
because it had no life!
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
So??The increased density means just about anythingwill float!
We can see this through the use of eggs!
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HOW SALTY IS THE OCEAN?
MEASURINGSALINITY
THE SALTIESTWATER
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FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FORDISTRIBUTION OF SALINITY IN THE SEAS /
OCEANS1. Supply of Freshwater
2. Temperature
3. Rainfall
4. Melting of Ice
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DISTRIBUTION OF SALTS IN OCEANS(LATITUDE-WISE)
1.On Equator
2.On Tropics
3.On Poles
4.Tendency from
East to West
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Where did the salt come from, in Ocean.?
• From land
• Over millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), and carried it into the sea.
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Average Ocean Salinity
• The average ocean salinity is 35 ppt.• Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice
formation cause the variations.
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Distribution of Salinity
• In Fresh water – less than 1,000 ppm• Salighty Saline Water – From 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm• Moderately saline water – From 3,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm• Highly saline water – From 10,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
• Determines the distribution of plants and animals that live in the ocean.
Affects other properties of seawater, such as its density and the amount of dissolved oxygen.
Importance of Salinity
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Interesting Facts about Salinity• Most marine creatures keep the salinity inside their bodies at about
the same concentration as the water outside their bodies becausewater likes a balance. If an animal that usually lives in salt water wereplaced in fresh water, the fresh water would flow into the animalthrough its skin. If a fresh water animal found itself in the salty ocean,the water inside of it would rush out.
• Human beings cannot drink sea water because of Salinity
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“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir