chapter 17. the central dogma transcription & translation three main steps for each: initiation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 17
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The Central Dogma
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Transcription & TranslationThree main steps for each:
InitiationElongationTermination
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Transcription: Initiation Promoters (TATAA) & transcription factors RNA Polymerase II & transcription initiation
complex DNA unwinds, transcription begins
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Transcription: Elongation
RNA nucleotides added in 5’ to 3’ direction
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Transcription: Termination
Prokaryotes: terminator signal
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Transcription: Termination
Eukaryotes: polyadenylation signal sequence
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RNA Processing in Eukaryotes5’ guanine cap & 3’ poly-A tail added
Facilitate export from nucleusPrevent degradation
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RNA Processing in EukaryotesSpliceosome of
snRNP removes introns, leaves exons
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RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
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Translation – Basic InfoIn cytoplasmCodonsWobble
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Translation – Basic InfoAnticodons & tRNA
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Translation – Basic InfoAminoacyl tRNA synthetase
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Translation – Basic InforRNA (ribosome) – two
subunits
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Translation - InitiationInitiator tRNA hydrogen bonds at start codon (AUG)Requires GTPInitiation factors attach ribosomal subunits
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Translation - ElongationA new tRNA with complementary anticodon
bonds at the A site.Requires GTP
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Translation - ElongationPeptide bond forms between amino acids at P
& A sites
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Translation - ElongationTranslocationRequires GTPEmpty tRNA is released
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Translation - Elongation
Process repeats
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Translation - TerminationRelease factor bonds at stop codon (UAG,
UAA, UGA)Hydrolyzes bond between peptide chain &
last tRNAAssembly separates
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Translation
Polyribosomes
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Free vs. Bound RibosomesAll start freeSignal peptide sequence on those bound for
ERSignal-recognition particle (SRP) attaches
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Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesDifferent RNA polymerasesDifferent transcription terminationDifferent sized ribosomal subunits
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Coupled T & T in prokaryotes