chapter 17-civil rights movement part ii

7/31/2019 Chapter 17-Civil Rights Movement Part II

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Civil Rights Movement in the North

Northern blacks fought segregation as wellas those in the South

They generally lived in special, segregatedneighborhoods

They were prohibited from attending some of thebest schools and clubs

They were excluded from jobs in the buildingtrades or as executives in businesses, banks or law

firms


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Civil Rights Movement in the North African-Americans in the North weredisappointed in the lack of effectiveness of

the new civil rights bills

1964- Northern blacks held a stall-in

Purposely held up traffic at the New York WorldsFair

Resulted in riots in Rochester and New York City


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Summer Freedom Project, 1964

Civil rights workers in Mississippi organized toregister blacks to vote

Civil rights workers from the North came toMississippi to aid their fellow citizens in thisproject Three of them were murdered

Southern whites beat and wounded the projectworkers and burned homes and churches ofthose participating in the project

The project was only able to register 1200 newvoters as blacks feared to demand their civilrights in such a violent atmosphere


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MLK, Jr. Leads the Way

1964- MLK, Jr. receives the Nobel Peace Prize 1965- MLK, Jr. announced a drive to register

3 million African-American voters in theSouth

Began in Selma, Alabama where there were 15,000black citizens- most of whom were not registeredto vote

Riots broke out in which protesters were beaten,

shocked, and arrested (all shown on TV across thenation)


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MLK, Jr. Organizes a March

1965- Selma, Alabama was to be the startingplace for the protest march to the capitolbuilding in Montgomery

Freedom marchers were attacked by the policeand turned back

Two days later, the march began again Again, the police blocked their progress

Governor George Wallace did everything he could toblock the march and told LBJ he didnt have the

ability to protect the marchers LBJ sent the Alabama National Guard , federal

marshals, and the FBI to protect the marchers


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LBJ Responds to the Violence

LBJ went before Congress in a televisedspeech

He denounced the denial of constitutional rights tothe black citizens of the South

He demanded a law to provide federal registrars atthe polls to aid blacks in registering to vote

He compared the events in Selma to the Battles ofLexington and Concord (Revolutionary War) and

repeated the slogan of the civil rights movement-We Shall Overcome


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The Selma March Continues

March 21, 1965- the march from Selma toMontgomery, Alabama began with protectionfrom the National Guard, federal marshals,and the FBI

Religious leaders from all over the countryjoined MLK. Jr.s freedom march

March 25, 1965- marchers enteredMontgomery peacefully


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Voting Rights Act, 1965

August 6, 1965- signed into law by LBJ One year later, the number of registered black

voters rose 50%

870,000 to 1.289 million

Resulted in blacks being voted into officethroughout the South


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Watts Riots

Summer 1965- on the heels of the passage ofthe Voting Rights Act, Watts (a black suburbof Los Angeles) broke out in riots

African-Americans still felt like second-class

citizens Over 100 other cities throughout the US exploded

into riots as well

LBJ felt bitter about the riots after all he had

done to establish a Great Society But he realized that African-Americans lives had

only improved slightly


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Radical Civil Rights Movements

Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam Aka- the Black Muslims

Rejected integration

Whites were referred to as devils

Believed that whites and blacks should be separateand that blacks should have a nation of their own

Malcolm X became a leading voice for the Nationof Islam

His speeches of hate labeled African-Americans asvictims of Americas so-called democracy


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Radical Civil Rights Movements Malcolm X and the Black Panthers

Malcolm X broke off from the Nation of Islam

He did not follow the Christian, non-violent exampleof MLK, Jr.

He promoted a program of violence towards white

America accompanied by the slogan by any meansnecessary

His policy of hatred resulted in huge backlash amongwhites and blacks

While giving a speech in New York in 1965 he was

gunned down by members of the Nation of Islam His autobiography was published later that year and

had a huge impact upon the radical civil rightsmovement


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Black Power

Summer 1966- Race riots erupted in northern cities

James Meredith staged a march for equal rightsfrom Memphis, TN to Jackson, MS

He was shot and wounded Stokely Carmichael and Black Power

Promoted vengeance against White America

Advocated equality by any means necessary


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Civil Rights Problems

1966- Civil rights movement was in disarray

White backlash was growing stronger

A civil rights measure failed to pass Congress

1967- The worst rioting in US history

Blacks went on rampages throughout the nation

Destroying neighborhoods and leaving them in burned-out

ruins Detroit, MI rioting resulted in 43 deaths and 5000

homeless


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American Youth, 1960s

Known as the Baby-Boomer generation

36 million Americans aged 15 to 24 by 1970 Largest number in seven decades

Deeply affected by the Cold War

The first TV generation

Hi-fi records, stereo, FM radio, wide-screen movies, wrap-around sound, large cars, super highways andsupermarkets

Lived in continual economic prosperity

Influenced by the works of Rachel Carson and RalphNader

Influenced by images (on TV) of JFKs assassination,cities smoldering in ruin due to race riots, their peersdying on distant battlefields in Vietnam, and millionsof starving people in Africa and Asia


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Hippies

Americas Counterculture (1960s and 70s) Opposed to the traditional American culture

Drug usage, long hair, beads and leather fringejackets, etc.

Attempt to look as different as they possiblycould from normal Americans

Aka- Hippies

From the word hip (referring to being with it)

Reacted to American life by dropping out ofsociety

Slogan- Make love, not war


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The New Left

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC)

Southern black students founded in 1960 tocoordinate student activities such as sit-ins

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Promoted a more radical reform program for

America

Both the SNCC and SDS were born out of

reform movements but became increasinglyanarchist and violent


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SDS Targets Universities

Protested against their rules, theirresearch contracts to help with the war inVietnam, and their support of asupposedly unjust American society

They recruited students and attempted tomake them radical revolutionaries

University and college campuses acrossthe nation were thrown into disarray Picketing, demonstrations, and blocking

classrooms

Slogan- Student Power


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The SNCC and SDS Decline

The SNCC tuned to a racial movementfor Black Power which resulted in lostfunds and members

The SDS collapsed and some of itsmost embittered activists turned tomaking bombs to destroy the societythey despised

chapter 17-civil rights movement part ii

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