chapter 17-civil rights movement part i

7/31/2019 Chapter 17-Civil Rights Movement Part I

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Plessy V. Ferguson, 1896Separate, but equal Supreme

Court decisionBlacks had to use separate

bathrooms, schools, railroad

cars, etcAllowed services to be separate

as long as they were equal


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Changes in the Law 1938- Supreme Court began to narrow

the separate, but equal ideal

equal was supposed to mean equal

1944, 1947, 1953- Supreme Court decisionsdeclared that the laws that kept blacks

from voting in Democratic primariesviolated the 14th Amendment


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Changes in the Law1950- Supreme Court ruled that a

black law school in Texas wasnot equal to the University ofTexas Law School


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Brown v. Board of Education of

Topeka, Kansas 1953- Ike

appointed Earl

Warren (formergovernor ofCalifornia) as

Chief Justice ofthe SupremeCourt


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Brown v. Board of Education of

Topeka, KansasBrown v. Board of Education, 1954

Unanimous Supreme Court decision

ordered that public schools could not beseparated by race

Created integration of blacks and whites inpublic schools


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The South Resists 1955- Supreme Court ordered that the

integration of schools was to go forward

with all deliberate speedMarch 1956- Southern Congressmen

created the Southern Manifesto

Attacked the Supreme Court decision Promised to reverse the decision as they

claimed that it was unconstitutional


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The South Resists 1957- Little Rock, Arkansas school boardmoved to integrate their high schools

The day before school opened, Governor OrvalFaubus called the National Guard to surroundCentral High, declaring "blood would run in thestreets" if blacks students attempted to enter

Federal judge ordered the National Guard to be

removedWhite mob stopped the black students from

entering the school this time


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The Little Rock Nine Seventeen African

American studentswere selected to attend

the all white CentralHigh School in 1957but by opening day thenumber had dwindled

to nine


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Federal Government Intervenes President Eisenhower called in the National

Guard once again, but this time under federalservice

Governor Faubus could not block the decision

President Eisenhower then sent in 1,000paratroopers (101st Airborne) and opened the

schools 1958- Governor Faubus closed the schools for the

entire year to prevent integration


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Rosa Parks 1955 - Rosa Parks was

arrested for not givingup her seat on a bus to

a white man inMontgomery, AL


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MLK, Jr.

Nonviolent Protest Martin Luther King, Jr. decided to take up the

issue of Civil Rights through non-violent protest

Methods used by Thoreau and Gandhi

MLK, Jr. advised blacks to boycott the buses inMontgomery, AL

The desired effect was achieved as the bus company

almost bankrupted By 1960- many blacks adopted this policy to fight

against segregation


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New Civil Rights Laws 1957- Ike administration passed the first

Civil Rights Act since the Reconstruction

Allowed the Justice Dept. the right to bringsuits on behalf of blacks who were deniedthe right to vote

Significant in that both Republicans andDemocrats helped to pass it (headed bySenate leader Lyndon B. Johnson)


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New Civil Rights Laws1960- another Civil Rights billwas passed with bipartisansupport to aid blacks with theirright to vote


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1960 Presidential ElectionBoth Republicans

and Democrats

supporteddesegregationwithin their

platforms for thepresidentialelection


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JFK and Civil Rights 1962- JFK signed into law a bill that would

desegregate public housing projects supported byfederal money

JFK created a Committee on Equal EmploymentOpportunity

Oversight committee for employers who workedwith the government

JFK appointed RFK to aid blacks in their ability tovote in the Deep South


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JFK and Civil RightsJFK appointed African-Americans Carl Rowan as ambassador to Finland

Andrew Hacker as associate press secretary

Thurgood Marshall as judge of a US Court ofAppeals

JFK attempted to create a Department of Urban

Affairs Rejected by Congress


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JFK and Civil Rights 1961- freedom

riders rode buses toprotest segregationin bus stations

But

Buses were attacked

and burned by whiterioters


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JFK and Civil Rights Fall 1962- JamesMeredith attempted toenroll at the University

of Mississippi but wasblocked by GovernorRoss Barnett

Meredith was finally

allowed to enroll whichresulted in riots

JFK sent in federaltroops to quiet the riots


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JFK and Civil Rights1963- blacks protested civil rightsabuses by conducting sit-ins which

resulted in desegregation of lunchcounters, hotels, and theaters in300 cities throughout the South


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JFK and Civil Rights 1963- MLK, Jr. and his Southern ChristianLeadership Conference (SCLC) worked to endsegregation in Birmingham, Alabama throughnon-violent protest

Birmingham police reacted with electric cattleprods, dogs, and fire hoses

Birmingham erupted into violence


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JFK and Civil Rights June 1963- AlabamaGovernor GeorgeWallace prevented twoAfrican-Americans from

attending the Universityof Alabama Stated that Alabama

would promisesegregation today,tomorrow, and forever

Eventually, Wallaceallowed the students toattend because ofpressure from JFK


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JFK and Civil RightsJune 1963- Medgar

Evers (head of theMississippi NAACP)

was murdered outsidehis home


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JFK and Civil Rights 1963- JFK sent a bill to Congress that wouldpresent huge civil rights progress

Bayard Rustin organized a march on Washington,

D.C. to persuade Congress to pass the new civilrights bill 200,000 freedom marchers gathered in front of

the Lincoln Memorial

MLK, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream speech

MahaliaJackson led the crowd in singing WeShall Overcome Anthem of the civil right movement


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chapter 17-civil rights movement part i

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