chapter 16 wwii standard 10.8 chapter 16 world war ii 1939-1945 standard 10. 8 students analyze the...
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Chapter 16 WWIIStandard 10.8
Chapter 16World War II
1939-1945
Standard 10. 8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World
War II
Chapter 16 WWIIStandard 10.8
Section 1 Hitler’s Lightning War
Nonaggression pact blitzkrieg
Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain Erwin Rommel
Atlantic Charter
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Setting the Stage
• Hitler Grabs New Territories
1. Rhineland
2. Austria
3. Czechoslovakia
4. Now he demands the Polish Corridor!
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Germany Sparks a New War
• Nonaggression Pact
1. Germany and Soviet Union agree to divide Poland
2. Soviet Union could take over Finland and Baltic nations (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
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Germany’s Lightning Attack• September 1, 1939
invasion of Poland• France and Britain
declare war• blitzkrieg
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Invasion of Poland
September 17 - Soviets attack eastern half of Poland. Then continues to the Baltic nations.
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Invasion of Finland
• November – 1 million Soviet troops attack Finland.
• Finns finally surrender in March 1940.
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Phony War
• Maginot Line
• Seigfried Line
• Sitzkrieg
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End of the Phony War
• April 9, 1940• Germany invades
Denmark and Norway• Build military bases
on coast in preparation for an attack on Britain
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Fall of France
• May 1940• Germany invades
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg (Low Countries)
• Attack through the Ardennes
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Rescue at Dunkirk
• Allied forces retreat to Dunkirk, French city near Belgian border
• Britain sends 850 ships to the rescue
• May 26- June 4 over 300,000 soldiers rescued
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France Falls (1940)
• June 14- Paris captured
• June 22- France surrenders
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Fall of France
•
Vichy France
Charles de GaulleLeader of the Free French Forces
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Battle of Britain
• Winston Churchill – prime minister of Britain
• “We shall never surrender”
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Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail.
We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans,
we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend
our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills;
we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the
New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the
old.Winston Churchill Speech
June 4,1940
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Battle of Britain II
•
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Battle of Britain III
•
British Royal Air Force(RAF)
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Battle of Britain IV
• 1940 Luftwaffe attacks
• Sept. 7, 1940 cities such as London are bombed daily
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Battle of Britain V
• Germany continues daily raids until May 10, 1941
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Axis Forces Attack North Africa
• September 1940 Italy attacks British controlled Egypt
• Suez Canal – why is the canal important?
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Britain Strikes Back
• Dec. 1940 – Feb. 1941 British push back Italians
• Afrika Corps under command of Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)
• Germans capture Tobruk, Libya
This is a real desert fox or a Fennec fox!
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North Africa Battleground
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War in the Balkans
• Hitler wants to build bases in SE Europe to launch an attack on USSR
• Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary join Axis
• April 1941 Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece
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Hitler Invades Soviet Union
• June 22, 1941 Operation Barbarossa
• Scorched- earth policy• Sept. 8 city of
Leningrad attacked• Russians refuse to
surrender
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Hitler Invades Soviet Union II• October 2, 1941 Moscow is attacked• “NO RETREAT!”• Germans lose 500,000 soldiers
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United States Aids Its Allies
• 1935 Neutrality Acts (remember ?)
• 1939 Cash n’ Carry • March 1941 Lend-
Lease Act• Atlantic Charter 1. Free trade2. Self-determination• Sept. 4 U-boats fire on
American ships
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Section 2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign
Yamamoto Pearl Harbor
Battle of Midway Douglas MacArthur
Battle of Guadalcanal
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Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor
• United States believes Japanese are a threat to Philippines and Guam
• Japanese attack French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
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Surprise Attack II
• Japanese plan attacks on British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia
• Admiral Yamamoto believes that American outposts must be attacked as well
•
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Day Of Infamy – Dec. 7, 1941
•
Pearl Harbor
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Day of Infamy – Dec. 7, 1941
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Day of Infamy – Dec. 7, 1941Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor
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Dec. 7, 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor
Photographs from
Pearl Harbor
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Pearl Harbor
1. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
2. Was the United States prepared for a war with Japan?
3. Why was Hawaii a strategic location for both the United States and Japan?
4. What were the immediate and long-term results of the attack?
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Japanese Victories
• Jan. 1942- Japanese attack Philippines
Manila
Philippines
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Bataan Death March I
The Bataan Death March began at Mariveles on April 10, 1942. Any troops who fell behind were executed. Japanese troops beat soldiers randomly, and denied the POWs food and water for many days. One of their tortures was known as the sun treatment. The Philippines in April is very hot. Therefore, the POWs were forced to sit in the sun without any shade, helmets, or water. Anyone who dared ask for water was executed. On the rare occasion they were given any food, it was only a handful of contaminated rice. When the prisoners were allowed to sleep for a few hours at night, they were packed into enclosures so tight that they could barely move. Those who lived collapsed on the dead bodies of their comrades. For only a brief part of the march would POWs be packed into railroad cars and allowed to ride. Those who did not die in the suffocating boxcars were forced to march about seven more miles until they reached their camp. It took the POWs over a week to reach their destination.
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Bataan Death March II
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Bataan Death March III
•
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Japanese Victories
“East Asia for the Asiatics”
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Allies Strike Back
• April 1942 Doolittle raid on Tokyo
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Allies Turn the Tide
• Battle of the Coral Sea
• Airplanes take off from aircraft carriers attack ships
• Allies stop Japan’s southward advance
•
Midway
Coral Sea
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Battle of Midway
• June 4, 1942 Admiral Yamamoto attacks American airfield at Midway Island
• Admiral Nimitz – commander of U.S. Pacific Fleet
• Turned the tide of the war towards the Allies!
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An Allied Offensive
• General Douglas MacArthur
• “island-hop” strategy
• “In war there is no substitute for victory.”
“I shall return.”
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Allied Offensive
• Battle of Guadalcanal Aug. 1942
• Japanese attempt to build airbase on the island
• “Island of Death”
•
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Section 3 The Holocaust
Ghettoes Final Solution
genocide
the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime
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Holocaust
•
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Section 4 Allied Victory
Dwight Eisenhower Battle of Stalingrad
D-day Battle of the Bulge
kamikaze
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Setting the Stage
• Dec. 22, 1941- Churchill and Roosevelt meet at the White House
• Stalin wants Allies to open a second front in Western Europe. Why?
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Tide Turns on Two Fronts
North Africa Campaign• Gen. Montgomery• Oct. 23, 1942 –
Battle of El Alamein• Axis powers retreat
to the west
• Operation Torch
1. Nov. 8, 1942 – 100,000 troops land in Morocco led by Gen. Dwight Eisenhower
2. Africa Korps crushed in May, 1943
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Operation Torch
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Battle for Stalingrad
1. August 23, 1942- Luftwaffe begins nightly bombings
2. Nov. 19, 1942- Soviets counterattack and surround German soldiers
3. Feb.2, 1943- 90,000 Germans surrender
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Invasion of Italy
1. July 10, 1943 – Allies land on Sicily
2. July 25 – King Victor Emmanuel has Mussolini arrested
3. Sept. 3 – Italy surrenders
4. June 4, 1944 – Allies enter Rome
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Sicily
Stalingrad
Moscow
Normandy
Leningrad
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Japanese Internment Camps
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Victory in Europe
• D-Day Invasion (Operation Overlord)
• General Dwight Eisenhower in command
• June 6, 1944
• British, American, French, Canadian soldiers
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Operation Overlord
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Battle of the Bulge
• Germany has to fight on 2 fronts
• Germany decides to counterattack in the West
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Germany’s Unconditional
Surrender• By April 1945 Soviets had surrounded
capital city of Berlin• American, French, British soldiers arriving
from the west• April 30, Hitler commits suicide• May 7, 1945 Eisenhower accepts
unconditional surrender of Germany• May 9 V-E Day
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Victory in the Pacific
• Oct. 23, 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Japanese Navy destroyed
• kamikazes
Philippines
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Victory in Pacific II
• March – June 1945 Americans capture islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
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Japanese Surrender
• Manhattan Project led to development of atomic bomb
• 1st atomic bomb tested on July 16, 1945
• Aug. 6 President Truman decided to drop bomb on Hiroshima
• Aug. 9 another bomb dropped on Nagasaki
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