chapter 16 4 superposition 4 and 4 standing waves
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 16
Superposition and
Standing Waves
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Section 16-1: Superposition of Waves
When two or more waves combine, the resultant wave at any point, is the algebraic sum of the individual waves.
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Superposition and the Wave Equation
y3 = c1y1 + c2y2
superposition
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Interference of Harmonic Waves
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Constructive interference
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Destructive Interference
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Beats
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Phase difference due to a path difference
Waves are in phase
if the phase difference, δ= n(2π)
This results in constructive interference
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The waves are exactly out of phase when δ= (n+½)2π
This results in destructive interference
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Example 16-2 p 485
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Intensity versus path difference for two sources that are in phase.
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Two sources that are in phase, or have a constant phase difference are said to be coherent.
The Double Slit Experiment:
doubleslit
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Section 16-2: Standing Waves
String fixed at both ends
The standing wave condition is when
L = n(½λ)
and
fn= nν/2L =nf1
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A classic Steinway piano
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String fixed at one end.
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Wave functions for standing waves
String fixed at both ends
wavesuperposition
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String fixed at one end
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Standing sound waves on the surface of the sun
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Some of the many modes of oscillation of a ringing handbell