chapter 15 the south and west transformed. the new south henry grady wants to industrialize south ...
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Chapter 15
The South and West Transformed
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The New South Henry Grady wants to industrialize South Farming becomes more diversified – wheat, grain, tobacco,
fruit Railroads link cities; Atlanta major hub Growth was slow though – education limited, lacked
technical schools, low wages, banking was slow to recover after Civil War
Had resources but not much capital & labor Cotton still strong but boll weevil caused gradual drop in
production Farmer’s Alliance – attempted to pressure railroads to lower
rates, wanted government to regulate interest rates
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Black Southerners Could vote, serve their country, own
businesses, farm, get an education Reality: many lives did not change Civil Rights Act of 1875 gave further rights
but local governments ignored or overturned
Courts later left it up to local govt. to decide who could use public facilities
More terror and intimidation
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American Indians Expansion puts pressure on Indians (Americans
saw them as the same group) Policies of resettlement, reservations, removal Treaties broken time after time; buffalo
slaughtered for hides Sand Creek Massacre – troops massacred
Cheyenne & Arapaho Indians (unarmed) in response to Sioux attacks on settlers – growing frustration exploded
Peace plans fail over and over
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Indians cont. Battle of Little Big Horn – Sioux Indians massacre General
George Custer & men Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull eventually crushed &
forced to surrender Chief Joseph led his Nez Perce tribe on a long trek to avoid
reservations but finally surrendered, “I will fight no more forever.”
Ghost Dance hoped to banish settlers Final resistance – Sitting Bull killed at the battle of Wounded
Knee End of the Indian Wars Dawes Act – from reservations to allotment system; forced
to farm (not enough land); encouraged to convert, assimilate
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Sand Creek Massacre
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The West Mining towns spring up all over the west (Pikes Peak,
Colorado; Carson River, Nevada) Large mining companies prosper; boom towns to ghost
towns (vigilante justice) Transcontinental Railroad links east and west; intensifies
settlement Cattle industry expands – open range system had worked
(branded and roamed freely) Demise of open range: barbed wire, supply exceeded
demand; horrible weather reduced herds, farmers and sheepherders encroached
Cowboy culture emerges; cattle drives, cow towns & colorful characters – Jesse James, Wyatt Earp, Wild Bill Hickok, Doc Holliday; rodeos
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Farmers Farmers settle the plains Homestead Act 1862 gave 160 acres to anyone
willing to farm Exodusters – those who fled South after
Reconstruction (many former slaves) Sometimes conflicts between miners, ranchers,
sheepherders, farmers Land rushes, lotteries – would have races to stake
out land Prejudice towards Mexicans, Indians, Chinese
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