Chapter 15Chapter 15

Hunger and the Global Hunger and the Global EnvironmentEnvironment

Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/WhitneySizer/Whitney

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Discuss the double health threat from undernutrition and obesity, and suggest reasons why this might occur among a single group of people.

Speculate as to how reducing a family’s hunger level can lead to more positive outcomes for health, educational, and social well-being of the family.

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Explain why people in poverty are inclined to have larger families in spite of the scarcity of food.

Describe why producing enough food for people and livestock presents problems for the environment.

Define the term ecological footprint, and describe ways to lesson one’s own ecological footprint.

IntroductionIntroduction

Food insecurity Very low food

security Low food security Marginal food

security High food security Contrast amongst

countries

Global Undernutrition and Global Undernutrition and OvernutritionOvernutrition

HungerHunger

Plagues both developed and developing nations

Food crisis Malnutrition and

hunger have risen sharply

Hunger in the United StatesHunger in the United States

Primary cause of hunger Food poverty

Factors that increase likelihood

Limited nutritious foods Consequences

Poverty-obesity paradox Food deserts

Recognizing hunger

The Poverty-Obesity ParadoxThe Poverty-Obesity Paradox

U.S. Food Programs Directed at U.S. Food Programs Directed at Stopping Domestic HungerStopping Domestic Hunger

1 in every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind

Nationwide efforts WIC Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

(SNAP) Community efforts

Food recovery Food banks, food pantries, emergency

kitchens

Tips for Thrifty Food ShoppingTips for Thrifty Food Shopping

What is the State of World What is the State of World Hunger?Hunger?

Staggering statistics “Poorest poor”

Comparison to U.S. house cat Biofuels

Women and children Usually the “poorest poor” Cycle of hunger, malnutrition, and poverty Poverty, hunger, and childbearing

Hunger HotspotsHunger Hotspots

What is the State of World What is the State of World Hunger?Hunger?

Famine Natural causes Political and social

causes Chronic hunger &

malnutrition Deficiencies

Iodine, vitamin A, zinc

consequences

The World Food Supply and the The World Food Supply and the EnvironmentEnvironment

Challenges to banishing hunger for all Provide enough food for expanding

population, without … Ensure all people have access to enough

food to…

Threats to the Future Food SupplyThreats to the Future Food Supply

Hunger, poverty, & population growth

Loss of food-producing land

Accelerating fossil fuel use

Atmosphere & global climate changes

Threats to the Future Food SupplyThreats to the Future Food Supply

Ozone loss from the outer atmosphere

Water shortages Ocean pollution

* No part of the world is insulated against future food shortages

Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger

Poor people often destroy the very resources they need for survival

Soil erosion and grazing lands Deforestation Economic development and animal foods

Diminishing wild fisheries Overfishing Increase in ocean temperatures

Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger

Aquaculture – fish farms Concerns

EscapeesDiseases &

parasitesNutrient pollutionChemical

pollutionWild habitat loss

Environmental Degradation and Environmental Degradation and HungerHunger

Climate, air, and fresh water Greenhouses gases

Sources Impact of global temperature increases Water stress

Overpopulation Carrying capacity of the earth

Water Stress HotspotsWater Stress Hotspots

A World Moving Toward SolutionsA World Moving Toward Solutions

Elimination of hunger Sustainable

development Poor countries Wealthy countries

Reducing Hunger Drives Reducing Hunger Drives Beneficial OutcomesBeneficial Outcomes

How Can People Engage in Activism How Can People Engage in Activism & Simpler Lifestyles at Home?& Simpler Lifestyles at Home?

Government action Promote sustainability

Private and community enterprises Educators and students Food and nutrition professionals Individuals

Small decisions at home have large environmental impacts

Toward Sustainable Food Toward Sustainable Food Production: How to Go Forward?Production: How to Go Forward?

Controversy 15

Costs of Current Food Production Costs of Current Food Production MethodsMethods

Impacts on land and water Clear land, fertilizers, rain or irrigation

Dead zonesDepletion of water supply

Soil depletion Deforestation and overgrazing

Loss of species Protection of biodiversity

Costs of Current Food Production Costs of Current Food Production MethodsMethods

Fuel use and energy sources Fossil fuels Biofuels

Energy waste

The Problems of Livestock and The Problems of Livestock and FishingFishing

U.S. meat production Feedlots

Grain

World trends in meat consumption Increased meat and dairy consumption

Overfishing and species depletion

Pounds of Grain Needed to Produce 1 Pounds of Grain Needed to Produce 1 Pound of Bread & 1 Pound of Animal Pound of Bread & 1 Pound of Animal

Weight GainWeight Gain

A Sustainable Future Starts NowA Sustainable Future Starts Now

Sustainable agriculture A system

Low-input and precision agriculture Integrated pest management (IPM) Global positioning satellite (GPS)

Soil conservation U.S. Conservation Reserve Program

A Sustainable Future Starts NowA Sustainable Future Starts Now

The potential of genetic engineering Genetically engineered crops and animals

Preserving genetic diversity of food Energy conservation

Consumption and production of energy must change

Energy recycling

Roles of ConsumersRoles of Consumers

Keeping local profits local Farm share

Eating lower on food chain More plants, less

animals “Ecological

Footprint”