chapter 15 cardiovascular health. cardiovascular disease (cvd) leading cause of death in the u.s....
TRANSCRIPT
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)Leading cause of death in the U.S.Affects nearly 81 million AmericansClaims one life every 38 secondsThe high rate of CVD is primarily
caused by American’s lifestyles
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Major Risk Factors That Can Be ChangedTobacco Use
Number-one preventable cause of CVD in U.S.
Smoking harms the CV System in many ways:Damages the lining of arteries Reduces HDL’sRaises triglycerides and LDL’sNicotine increases blood pressure & HRCO displaces O2 Causes platelets to become sticky, leading to
clotting Speeds the development of fatty deposits in the
arteries
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DiabetesDeath from CVD is 2 to 3 times more likely in obese people than in lean people.
Higher rates of other CVD risk factors: HypertensionObesityUnhealthy blood lipid levelsDamaged endothelial cellsMore vulnerable to atherosclerosis
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Major Risk Factors That Can Be Changed
Blood PressureNormal adult:Hypertensive adult :
Cholesterol Levels Total cholesterol (mg/dl):LDL:HDL:
Level of Physical ActivityPhysical activity:
Major Risk Factors That Can Be Changed
Major Risk Factors That Can’t Be Changed
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Heredity Multiple genes contributeHaving a first-degree relative with CAD
Aging 70% of Heart Attack victimsOver the age of 55
Being male Men have higher risk of heart attack
Ethnicity African Americans have higher risk of hypertension;
Hispanics have a greater risk of HBP and angina; Asians have lower rates of CVD
Great Vessels of the Heart
From left to right (front view of heart):Superior and Inferior vena cava
Returns blood from body to heartAorta
Delivers blood to entire body from heart
Pulmonary trunkDelivers blood to the lungs from the
heart
Chambers of the HeartRight Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from entire bodyBlood passes to right ventricle via tricuspid
valveRight ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungsLeft Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from lungsBlood passes to left ventricle via bicuspid valve
Left VentriclePumps oxygenated blood to the body
Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
AtherosclerosisCoronary Artery (Heart) Disease (heart attack, angina)
Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death
Congestive Heart FailureStroke
Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis –
When coronary arteries become blocked with plaque buildup this results in
Symptoms of Heart Attack include:
If an artery in a limb becomes narrowed or blocked this results
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• Angina – Arteries are narrowed by disease but open enough to deliver blood under normal circumstances • During times of stress heart can not receive
enough oxygen
• Usually felt as
• Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death – Electrical conduction system is disrupted
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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Stroke –when cells of the brain are starved of oxygenated blood for more than a few minutes, they die.
Types of StrokesIschemic stroke – blockage in a blood vessel
Thrombotic stroke -Embolic stroke -
Hemorrhagic stroke – blood vessel ruptures in the brainIntracerebral hemorrhageSubarachnoid hemorrhageAneurysm
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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Detecting StrokeA quick way to recognize a stroke is to ask
the person to do three things: 1. “Smile”. If her smile droops on one side, or if she is unable to move or open one side of her mouth…
2. “Hold your arms out”. If the person cannot move one arm or hold one arm still…
3. “Repeat a simple, short sentence”. If she has trouble speaking…
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Paralysis (possible)Walking disabilitySpeech impairmentMemory lossBehavior changesThe area of brain damage will
determine which part of the body is affected
The Effects of a Stroke Can Include
Treating StrokeFor Ischemic Stroke
For Hemorrhagic Stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack
If a stroke is detected late
Congestive Heart Failure: A Number of conditions can damage the pumping mechanism of the heartHigh blood pressureHeart attackAtherosclerosisAlcoholismViral infectionsRheumatic feverBirth defects
Pulmonary edema –
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Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Other Forms of Heart Disease
Congenital Heart DiseaseDefect/malformation of heart/blood vessels
that you are born withEx. “A hole in the heart”
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)Enlarged heartCan cause arrhythmias
Rheumatic Heart DiseaseResulting from a sequence of untreated
streptococcal throat infectionsUp to 3% of untreated strep. Infections lead
to rheumatic fever
Tests Used to Detect Heart Disease
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Echocardiography
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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