Chapter 14.3 The Crusades

“GOD WILLS IT!”

Objectives:• Learn about the causes of

the Crusades.• Find out about the

different Crusades and what they accomplished.

• Discover the effects the Crusades had on life in Europe.

Holy Land The Holy Land is a region sacred to Christians because Jesus had lived and taught there.

It was located in present-day Israel, Jordan and Palestine.

The Crusades

The Crusades were eight or more military expeditions lasting about 200 years by Christians in Europe hoping to win back the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Jerusalem

Jerusalem was a city in the Holy Land regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.

Pilgrims Pilgrims are people who journey

to a sacred place.

Seljuk Turks

The Seljuk Turks are a Muslim group who took control of the Holy Land in the 1000s. They closed the pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem.

At the same time, the Turks were also conquering much of the Byzantine Empire.

Why did the pope want to conquer the Holy Land?

A few reasons….

• He wanted to unite Europeans

• He wanted Christians to control the Holy Land.

• Wanted Christian pilgrims to be able to visit Jerusalem.

• Hoped to gain power and prestige for himself and the Church.

Peter the Hermit Peter, the Hermit, was a “common person” who

set out with followers for Jerusalem in 1096.

They did not wait for an army of knights for

support, and was easily defeated by the Turks.

“People’s Crusade”

Peter was(c.1050-1115), an unkempt old man who lived on fish and wine, who proved to be the most effective preacher of the Crusade.

Pope Urban II and

the First Crusade

The Crusaders fought their way to Jerusalem and took control of the city in 1099. They set up four Christian kingdoms.

Saladin and the Third Crusade

Saladin was an Arab Muslim leader who retook Jerusalem in 1187. He signed a treaty with King Richard, king of England, and agreed to reopen Jerusalem to Christian pilgrims.

Why did Saladin refuse to give up

Jerusalem?

Jerusalem is sacred to Muslims because it is

where the Prophet Muhammad made his

journey.

(Muhammad supposedly ascended

into heaven in Jerusalem.)

Luxury Goods Goods such as rugs, jewelry, glass and spices brought back from the Crusades.

These goods were in great demand in Europe and helped revive trade and increase the growth of towns and cities.

What advancements were made because of the Crusades?

1.They had increased knowledge in medicine, mathematics, and technology.

2. They also learned how to make better ships and maps.