Chapter 14 – The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

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Gross Anatomy of Spinal Cord /

Spinal Meninges

Sectional Anatomy of Spinal Cord

The Cervical and Brachial

Plexuses

The Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses

Reflexes / Clinical

Correlatives

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

Regarding gross anatomy of the spinal cord, which structure(s) supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle?

a. lumbosacral enlargement

b. dorsal root

c. cervical enlargement

d. rami communicantesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

Regarding gross anatomy of the spinal cord, which structure(s) supplies nerves to the pectoral girdle?

a. lumbosacral enlargement

b. dorsal root

c. cervical enlargement

d. rami communicantesBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

Where is cerebrospinal fluid found?

a. in the subarachnoid space

b. in the subdural space

c. in the epidural space

d. within the pia mater

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

Where is cerebrospinal fluid found?

a. in the subarachnoid space

b. in the subdural space

c. in the epidural space

d. within the pia mater

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal meninges is/are false?

a. It is likely that, in life, no subdural space exists along the spinal cord; rather, the inner surface of the dura is in contact with the outer surface of the pia mater.

b. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space, which acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium.

c. Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the spinal meninges is/are false?

a. It is likely that, in life, no subdural space exists along the spinal cord; rather, the inner surface of the dura is in contact with the outer surface of the pia mater.

b. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space, which acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium.

c. Arachnoid trabeculae extend from the inner surface of the arachnoid mater to the outer surface of the pia mater.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$400 Question

The adult spinal cord extends from the brain to which vertebral level?

a. L4-L5

b. L3-L4

c. T12-L1

d. L1-L2

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

The adult spinal cord extends from the brain to which vertebral level?

a. L4-L5

b. L3-L4

c. T12-L1

d. L1-L2BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding spinal segments is/are true?

a. Each spinal segment is associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia that contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

b. Posterior to the dorsal root, a ventral root leaves the spinal cord.

c. The dorsal and ventral roots of each segment enter and leave the vertebral canal via the vertebral foramina.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding spinal segments is/are true?

a. Each spinal segment is associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia that contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

b. Posterior to the dorsal root, a ventral root leaves the spinal cord.

c. The dorsal and ventral roots of each segment enter and leave the vertebral canal via the vertebral foramina.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

Which structure of the spinal cord contains axons crossing from one side of the cord to the other before reaching a destination within the gray matter?

a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn

b. anterior (ventral) gray horn

c. lateral gray horn

d. gray commissureBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

Which structure of the spinal cord contains axons crossing from one side of the cord to the other before reaching a destination within the gray matter?

a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn

b. anterior (ventral) gray horn

c. lateral gray horn

d. gray commissureBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

Which structure of the spinal cord contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei?

a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn

b. anterior (ventral) gray horn

c. posterior white column

d. lateral white columnBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

Which structure of the spinal cord contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei?

a. posterior (dorsal) gray horn

b. anterior (ventral) gray horn

c. posterior white column

d. lateral white columnBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$300 Question

In which spinal cord regions are the anterior (ventral) gray horns the largest?

a. cervical and thoracic regions

b. thoracic and sacral regions

c. cervical and lumbar regions

d. thoracic and lumbar regionsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

In which spinal cord regions are the anterior (ventral) gray horns the largest?

a. cervical and thoracic regions

b. thoracic and sacral regions

c. cervical and lumbar regions

d. thoracic and lumbar regionsBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

How many gray commissures exist within the spinal cord?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 12

d. 31BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

How many gray commissures exist within the spinal cord?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 12

d. 31BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

Regarding the organization of motor nuclei within each gray horn, which of the following is false?

a. Nerves innervating skeletal muscles of more proximal structures are located more medially than nerves innervating more distal structures.

b. The size of the anterior horn varies with the number of skeletal muscles innervated by that segment.

c. Nuclei innervating the skeletal muscles of the forearm are located more laterally than those innervating the skeletal muscles of the shoulder.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

Regarding the organization of motor nuclei within each gray horn, which of the following is false?

a. Nerves innervating skeletal muscles of more proximal structures are located more medially than nerves innervating more distal structures.

b. The size of the anterior horn varies with the number of skeletal muscles innervated by that segment.

c. Nuclei innervating the skeletal muscles of the forearm are located more laterally than those innervating the skeletal muscles of the shoulder.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve is composed of collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and fibrocytes, and divides the nerve into a series of fascicles?

a. epineurium

b. endoneurium

c. perineurium

d. dura materBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which connective tissue covering of a peripheral nerve is composed of collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and fibrocytes, and divides the nerve into a series of fascicles?

a. epineurium

b. endoneurium

c. perineurium

d. dura materBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Which of the following is a structure of the rami communicantes which supplies postganglion fibers to smooth muscles and glands of the body wall and limbs?

a. dorsal ramus

b. gray ramus

c. ventral ramus

d. white ramusBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Which of the following is a structure of the rami communicantes which supplies postganglion fibers to smooth muscles and glands of the body wall and limbs?

a. dorsal ramus

b. gray ramus

c. ventral ramus

d. white ramusBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

Regarding the rami of autonomic nervous system ganglia, which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Two groups of unmyelinated postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion.

b. Preganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerves; instead, they form a series of separate autonomic nerves.

c. Postganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs rejoin spinal nerves.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

Regarding the rami of autonomic nervous system ganglia, which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Two groups of unmyelinated postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion.

b. Preganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerves; instead, they form a series of separate autonomic nerves.

c. Postganglionic fibers that innervate internal organs rejoin spinal nerves.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

Regarding the nerves of the cervical plexus, which nerve(s) innervates the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles?

a. lesser occipital nerve (C2-C3)

b. cervical nerves (C1-C5)

c. ansa cervicalis (superior and inferior branches; C1-C4)

d. phrenic nerve (C3-C5)BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

Regarding the nerves of the cervical plexus, which nerve(s) innervates the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles?

a. lesser occipital nerve (C2-C3)

b. cervical nerves (C1-C5)

c. ansa cervicalis (superior and inferior branches; C1-C4)

d. phrenic nerve (C3-C5)BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

Regarding the brachial plexus, the posterior cord gives rise to the:

a. musculocutaneous and median nerves.

b. median and radial nerves.

c. musculocutaneous and axillary nerves.

d. axillary and radial nerves.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

Regarding the brachial plexus, the posterior cord gives rise to the:

a. musculocutaneous and median nerves.

b. median and radial nerves.

c. musculocutaneous and axillary nerves.

d. axillary and radial nerves.BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

Which nerve(s) of the lumbar plexus is/are responsible for supplying the abdominal muscles (external and internal obliques, and transversus abdominis)?

a. genitofemoral nerve

b. ilioinguinal nerve

c. iliohypogastric nerve

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

Which nerve(s) of the lumbar plexus is/are responsible for supplying the abdominal muscles (external and internal obliques, and transversus abdominis)?

a. genitofemoral nerve

b. ilioinguinal nerve

c. iliohypogastric nerve

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

The lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal segments?

a. T6-L1

b. T12-L4

c. T12-L1

d. L4-S4

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

The lumbar plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal segments?

a. T6-L1

b. T12-L4

c. T12-L1

d. L4-S4

BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Spinal segments S2-S4 define which of the following nerves?

a. superior and inferior gluteal nerves

b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

c. pudendal nerve

d. sciatic nerveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Spinal segments S2-S4 define which of the following nerves?

a. superior and inferior gluteal nerves

b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

c. pudendal nerve

d. sciatic nerveBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

The skin of the perineum is innervated by which nerve?

a. pudendal nerve

b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

c. inferior gluteal nerve

d. genitofemoral nerveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

The skin of the perineum is innervated by which nerve?

a. pudendal nerve

b. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

c. inferior gluteal nerve

d. genitofemoral nerveBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Skin over the medial surface of the leg is innervated by the:

a. saphenous nerve

b. obturator nerve

c. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

d. iliohypogastric nerveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Skin over the medial surface of the leg is innervated by the:

a. saphenous nerve

b. obturator nerve

c. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

d. iliohypogastric nerveBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

The stretch reflex:

a. is a simple monosynaptic reflex.

b. provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscles.

c. responds to information provided by the stretch receptors of muscle spindles.

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

The stretch reflex:

a. is a simple monosynaptic reflex.

b. provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscles.

c. responds to information provided by the stretch receptors of muscle spindles.

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Reflexes can be classified according to which of the following?

a. their development

b. the nature of the stimulus

c. the site of the sensory ganglia

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Reflexes can be classified according to which of the following?

a. their development

b. the nature of the stimulus

c. the site of the sensory ganglia

d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

“Saturday night palsy,” in which pressure on the back of the arm causes extensors of the wrist and fingers to be paralyzed, is due to interruption of the function of which nerve of the brachial plexus?

a. median nerve

b. ulnar nerve

c. radial nerve

d. musculocutaneous nerveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

“Saturday night palsy,” in which pressure on the back of the arm causes extensors of the wrist and fingers to be paralyzed, is due to interruption of the function of which nerve of the brachial plexus?

a. median nerve

b. ulnar nerve

c. radial nerve

d. musculocutaneous nerveBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of which nerve of the brachial plexus?

a. radial nerve

b. ulnar nerve

c. musculocutaneous nerve

d. median nerveBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of which nerve of the brachial plexus?

a. radial nerve

b. ulnar nerve

c. musculocutaneous nerve

d. median nerveBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a stretch reflex?

1 – Information processing at motor neuron

2 – Stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindle

3 – Activation of motor neuron

4 – Contraction of muscle

5 – Activation of a sensory neuron

a. 5-2-4-3-1

b. 2-5-4-3-1

c. 2-4-5-1-3

d. 2-5-4-1-3BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a stretch reflex?

1 – Information processing at motor neuron

2 – Stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindle

3 – Activation of motor neuron

4 – Contraction of muscle

5 – Activation of a sensory neuron

a. 5-2-4-3-1

b. 2-5-4-3-1

c. 2-4-5-1-3

d. 2-5-4-1-3BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Which of the following neural distributions is false?

a. The fibular nerve innervates the dorsal surface of the foot.

b. The tibial nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot.

c. The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the skin over the anterolateral surface of the hand.

d. The ulnar nerve innervates the skin over the medial surface of the hand.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Which of the following neural distributions is false?

a. The fibular nerve innervates the dorsal surface of the foot.

b. The tibial nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot.

c. The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the skin over the anterolateral surface of the hand.

d. The ulnar nerve innervates the skin over the medial surface of the hand.

BACK TO GAME