chapter 14: streams and floods visit the online learning centre at chapter 14: streams

Chapter 14: Streams and Floods

Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer


What is the Hydrologic Cycle?What is the Hydrologic Cycle?What is a Stream?What is a Stream?

How do Drainage Patterns Reflect Geological Conditions?How do Drainage Patterns Reflect Geological Conditions?What Factors Affect Stream Erosion and Deposition?What Factors Affect Stream Erosion and Deposition?

How Does a Stream Erode?How Does a Stream Erode?How do Streams Transport Sediment?How do Streams Transport Sediment?Where do Streams Deposit Sediment?Where do Streams Deposit Sediment?

Can We Predict When Floods Will Occur?Can We Predict When Floods Will Occur?How Do Stream Valleys Change With Time?How Do Stream Valleys Change With Time?



The Hydrologic Cycle

Figure 14.1



Longitudinal and Cross-Sectionsof a Typical Stream

Figure 14.2



Drainage Basins of North America

Figure 14.4



Drainage Patterns Reveal SomethingAbout Rocks Underneath

Figure 14.5



Regions of MaximumVelocity in a Stream

Figure 14.6



Stream Velocities at Which Erosion and Deposition of Sediment Occur

Figure 14.7



Channel Shape and RoughnessInfluence Stream Velocity

Figure 14.8



Channel Width Variations Caused by Rock Type and Obstructions

Figure 14.9



Hydraulic Action Can Loosen, Roll, and Lift Grains from the Stream Bed

Figure 14.11



Sand and Gravel Moving on or near Stream Bed by Traction & Saltation

Figure 14.14



Flood Washes Away Bars in a Stream, Depositing New Bars

Figure 14.16



Types of Placer Deposits

Figure 14.17



Location Map of the Grand Canyon Controlled-Flood Experiment

Box 14.1, Figure 1



Graph of Annual Peak Discharges before (black) and after (blue) Glen Canyon Dam & 1996

Controlled High-Flow Release

Box 14.1, Figure 2



Cross-Section of the Channel Downstream of the Confluence with the

Little Colorado River

Box 14.1, Figure 3



(A) Midchannel Bar(B) Braided Stream

Figure 14.18



(A) Development of River Meanders and Point Bars; (B) Point Bar Deposit

Figure 14.22



Creation of an Oxbow Lake by a Meander-Neck Cutoff

Figure 14.23



Flood Plains

Figure 14.26



Natural Levee Deposition During a Flood

Figure 14.27



Internal Construction of a Small Delta

Figure 14.29



(A) Wave-Dominated Delta(B) Tidal-Dominated Delta

Figure 14.30



Alluvial Fan at theMouth of a Narrow Canyon

Figure 14.31



Annual Peak Discharge for the Red River, MB, from 1892-1999

Box 14.3, Figure 1



Flood-Frequency Curvesfor the Red River

Box 14.3, Figure 3



Urbanization can Increasethe Chance of Floods

Figure 14.33



1976 Flash Flood on Big Thompson River and 1997 Flash Flood in Fort Collins

Figure 14.34



Examples of Flood-Control Structures

Figure 14.36



Downcutting, Mass Wasting, and Sheet Erosion Shape Canyons and Valleys

Figure 14.37 (A) and (C)



Base Level is the Lowest Level of Downcutting

Figure 14.38



Ungraded and Graded Streams

Figure 14.39



Lateral Erosion Widens Valleys by Undercutting and Eroding Walls

Figure 14.40



Terraces Formed by a StreamCutting Downward into itsOwn Flood-Plain Deposits

Figure 14.43



Incised Meanders can Form by Uplift

Figure 14.45



Development of a Superposed Stream

Figure 14.46



Answers to SelectedTesting Your Knowledge

Questions

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

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22.

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D

A

C

C

A

A

A

B

E

A

C

B



Additional Resources

Student ResourcesStudent ResourcesStudent Online Learning CentreThe robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!

Laboratory ManualThe Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.

Instructor ResourcesInstructor ResourcesInstructor Online Learning CentreThe OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.

Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook.

Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.

TransparenciesA set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.

chapter 14: streams and floods visit the online learning centre at chapter 14: streams

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