chapter 14: personal care and healthy...
TRANSCRIPT
358
Personal Care and Healthy BehaviorsHealthy Skin Hair and Nails
Care of Teeth and Mouth
Eye Care
Ears and HearingProtection
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359
Using Visuals Many routine tasks such asbrushing and flossing your teeth or caring foryour skin are behaviors that positively affect your long-term health What are some simplebehaviors you can practice each day to protectyour health
Use this Foldable to help you recordwhat you learn about healthy skin hair and nails Begin with two sheets of 81frasl2 x 11 paper
Stack two sheets ofpaper with the topedges 1 apart Keepthe side edges straight
Fold up the bottom half of the stack of papers 1from the top half All tabsshould be the same size
Crease the stack of papersto hold the tabs in placeStaple together along thefold and label the tabs as shown
As you read and discuss the material in the chapter use your Foldable torecord supporting facts under theappropriate tabs
Before You Read
EpidermisDermisSubcutaneousSkin
As You Read
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VOCABULARYepidermisdermismelanin sebaceous glandssweat glandsmelanomahair follicledandruff
Healthy Skin Hair and NailsYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Examine the structure of the skin
bull Identify the functions of the skin
bull Examine the effects of health behaviors on skin hair and nails
bull Relate the importance of recognizing warning signs that lead to theearly detection of skin diseases and prompt individuals of all ages to seek health care
eads of perspiration form on your forehead while you are B exercising or when you are outside on a hot day Your skin thelargest organ of your body produces perspiration in order to helpkeep your body cool Skin is the main organ of the integumentarysystem which also includes hair nails and glands found in yourskin Your skin serves as a physical barrier between the outsideworld and your internal organs It shields them from injury and itis the first line of defense against pathogens entering your body
Structure and Function of the Skinhe skin consists of two main layers as shown in Figure 141 T The is the outer thinner layer of the skin that is
composed of living and dead cells The is the thicker layer of theskin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and con-tains blood vessels and nerves
The epidermis is composed of several layers The top layer consists of dead cells that are constantly being shed and replacedIn the deeper layers of the epidermis living cells continually divideand replace dying cells which are pushed toward the surface layer
dermisepidermis
Divide a sheet of paper into three columns labeled ldquoSkinrdquo ldquoHairrdquoand ldquoNailsrdquo Record how much time you spend over the course of one day on personalgrooming in these areas How do these personal grooming habits affect your health
360 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Washing your face regularlykeeps skin free of dirtbacteria and perspirationHow does keeping yourface and hands cleanaffect your overall health
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361Lesson 1 Healthy Skin Hair and Nails
hairdead epidermisliving epidermissweat pore
sebaceous glandhair folliclemuscleduct of sweat glandsweat glandarteryveinnerve
fat tissue
Epidermis
SubcutaneousLayer
Dermis
STRUCTURE OF THE SKINThe two main layers of skin the epidermis and the dermis areattached to bones and muscles by the subcutaneous layer a layer of fat and connective tissue located beneath the dermis
Certain cells in the epidermismake a substance called keratin a proteinthat toughens nails These same cells also pro-duce substances called lipids which make your skin waterproofThis waterproofing helps the body maintain a proper balance ofwater and electrolytes Other cells produce a pigment thatgives the skin hair and iris of the eyes their colormdashthe more melaninthe darker the skin People with fair skin have less melanin and areat risk of damage from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation
The dermis is a single thick layer composed of connective tissuewhich gives the skin its elastic qualities struc-tures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum are alsofound in the dermis Sebum helps keep skin and hair from drying out
Blood vessels in the dermis supply cells with oxygenated bloodand nutrients and facilitate the removal of cellular wastes Theseblood vessels also function in temperature regulation When bodytemperature begins to rise the blood vessels in the skin dilate Thisallows heat to escape through the skinrsquos surface If body tempera-ture begins to drop the blood vessels in the skin constrict decreas-ing the amount of blood and heat loss at the skinrsquos surface
structures within the dermis that secrete perspiration throughglandsSweat
Sebaceous glands
melanin
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362 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
ducts to pores on the skinrsquos surface also are involved in temperatureregulation Sweat glands produce perspiration on the surface of theskin Body heat is lost as the sweat evaporates
Touch a hot stove and your hand immediately pulls back WhyThe skin is a major sense organ Nerve cells in the dermis act asreceptors which are stimulated by changes in the outside environ-
ment These receptors enable you to feel sensa-tions such as pressure pain hot and cold
Healthy Skineeping your skin healthy should be an K important part of your daily routine Wash
your face every morning and evening with mildsoap and water Daily washing bathing orshowering helps remove and slow the growth ofbacteria that cause body odor Avoid touchingyour face with your hands This can introducenew bacteria to the skinrsquos surface Carefullychoose personal skin care products such as
moisturizers shaving cream or cosmetics to help keepyour skin from becoming irritated or having an allergic
reaction Follow a well-balanced diet that is rich in vitamins andminerals Foods such as milk green and yellow vegetables and liverare rich in vitamin Amdasha vitamin that is particularly important forhealthy skin
Skin and the SunUnderstanding the effects of UV radiation on the skin and know-
ing some preventive behaviors can help you protect your skin nowand throughout your life When skin is exposed to UV rayswhether from the sun a tanning booth or another source melaninproduction is increased This self-protective mechanism is the skinrsquosattempt to protect its cells from UV rays Fair-skinned people whoseskin has little melanin and thus little natural protection from UVradiation burn in the sun People with more melanin will tan
The symptoms of sunburn will disappear and a tan will fade Thelong-term effects however are cumulative and the damage is permanent Prolonged exposure to UV rays damages the geneticmaterial in skin cells and causes it to undergo changes Thesechanges can eventually result in the formation and growth of can-cerous cells Exposure to UV radiation is the leading cause of certaintypes of skin cancer UV radiation also breaks down the elastic fibersthat support your skin and allows it to be flexible yet retain itsshape The skin will become wrinkled or hard and leathery withrepeated exposure to UV radiation
What are UVA and UVB radiation
Ultraviolet rays come indifferent wavelengthsmdashUVAand UVB UVB rays causemost sunburn thus mostsunscreens block these raysHowever UVA rays penetratethe skin more deeply thanUVB causing more damageNow that dermatologistsknow about UVA theyrecommend sunscreens thatblock both UVA and UVB rays
A diet rich in vitaminA will contribute to healthyskin Which foods do youenjoy that are a goodsource of vitamin A
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PROTECTING YOUR SKIN FROM UV RAYS
Protecting your skin from the damagingrays of the sun is as simple as adopting afew health behaviors
Always wear sunscreen onexposed areas of skin Use an SPF15 or higher sunscreen that blocksboth UVA and UVB rays Apply it 15 to30 minutes before going outside Use iteven on cloudy days and whileparticipating in winter sports
Wear protective clothing Hatslong-sleeved shirts and long pants canhelp prevent sun exposure Donrsquotforget your sunglasses Exposure to UVrays can damage the eyes causingburns cataracts and even blindnessAvoid outdoor activities when sunlightis most intense between 1000 am and400 pm
Body Piercing and TattooingEar piercing and tattooing are practices that have been around
for thousands of years Unlike decorating the body with makeup orchanging hair color however these changes to the body are per-manent and both carry potential health risks
Both procedures result in the physical barrier of the skin beingbroken so the possibility of bacteria or viruses entering the bodyincreases Bacteria that are normally found on the surface of theskin can cause a localized infection if they enter deeper layers of tis-sue New bacteria can be introduced through nonsterile needles Ofspecial concern is the transfer of bloodborne pathogens such as theviruses hepatitis B hepatitis C and HIV through nonsterileneedles used during tattooing
Tattooing and piercings can threaten your social health as wellImagine dating someone who is tattooed with the name of a pastboyfriend or girlfriend Body piercings may make a poor impressionon a future employer or in-law
A tattoo can be removed by using a laser procedure However theprocedure can cause skin discoloration and infection and can leavescars Consider the long-term consequences when you think abouttattooing and piercing
363Lesson 1 Healthy Skin Hair and Nails
Health and Beauty
SPF
30
SUNSCREENSUNSCREEN
SPF 30 provides UVA and UVB ProtectionIt is water and perspiration resistant and PABA Free
Weightless nongreasy lotion provides 30 times the skins natural protection against sunburn
hepatitis B and hepatitis CFor more information on thesecommunicable diseases seeChapter 24 page 638HIV For more information on HIV and other sexuallytransmitted diseases seeChapter 25 page 646
A broad-spectrumsunscreen protectsagainst both UVA and UVB radiation Why is it important to protectagainst both forms ofultraviolet radiation
11132487
Skin ProblemsMany problems of the skin are not life threatening They can
however affect a personrsquos self-image Some common skin problemsinclude
Acne a common skin problem among teens is caused whenpores in the skin get clogged and the sebum produced bysebaceous glands cannot reach the skinrsquos surface One type ofbacteria normally found on the skin thrives in the trappedsebum The surrounding area becomes inflamed and pus mayform Washing your face gently twice a day applying over-the-counter treatment creams and avoiding the use of oilyproducts can help control breakouts Touching and picking atacne only aggravates the condition and may cause scarring
Warts are caused by a virus that infects the surface layers ofthe skin They are usually noncancerous growths that canappear anywhere on the body but they are most commonlyfound on the hands feet and face The virus that causes wartscan be acquired through contact with infected skin
Vitiligo is a skin condition in which patches of skin have lostall pigment For reasons not yet known the melanin-producingcells in the affected areas of the skin are destroyed With nomelanin these patches of skin are extremely susceptible toburning when exposed to UV light Sunscreen should be appliedor protective clothing should be worn over these areas to avoidsevere sunburn Although treatments involving repigmentationare available there is no known cure for vitiligo
Boils form when hair follicles become infected with bacteriathat are normally found on the surface of the skin The tissuesaround a boil become inflamed and pus forms Treatment caninclude draining the pus and taking a course of antibioticsSome boils may heal without treatment Never squeeze or bursta boil because this can spread the infection Keeping skin cleancan help prevent boils
Moles are spots that contain extra melanin They can appearanywhere on the body most moles are harmless Certain typesof moles may develop into the most serious form of skin cancer which can be deadly Early detection of warningsigns and treatment are critical to controlling the spread ofskin cancer throughout the body Monitoring the appearanceof moles as described in Figure 142 and seeking health careby reporting any changes to a dermatologist are essential to theearly detection of melanoma
melanoma
364 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
skin cancer For moreinformation on skin cancer seeChapter 26 page 683
Acne is often blamed onintake of greasy foods orchocolate but according toresearchers at the NationalInstitutes of Health foodshave little to do with the causeof acne for most peoplebull Doctors believe hormonal
changes during pubertymay be an importantfactor in the developmentof acne
bull Dermatologists specializein skin problems and treatsevere cases of acne Theymay recommend over-the-counter medicinesprescription medicinesand sometimes antibioticsto treat moderate tosevere acne problems
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Your Hairxcept for the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet you Ehave hair on almost every skin surface You have between
100000 to 200000 hairs on your head alone Although hair itselfis composed of dead cells that contain keratin living cells in theepidermis make new hairs and cause hair growth A is a structure that surrounds the root of a hair Hair helps protect theskin especially the scalp from exposure to UV radiation The eyesare protected from dust or other particles by the eye-brows and eyelashes Hair also reduces the amount ofheat lost through the skin of the scalp
The foundation of healthy hair is a well-balanceddiet Hair can become thin and dry without propernutrients Regular shampooing is a must to keep yourhair healthy Daily brushing keeps dirt from buildingup and helps distribute the natural hair oils evenlyLimit the use of treatments such as permanents dyesor bleach Overexposure to these harsh chemicals cancause hair to become dry and brittle
Hair ProblemsNormally oil produced by sebaceous glands protects
the skin from drying out and keeps hair soft and shinyis a condition that can occur if the scalp
becomes too dry and dead skin cells are shed as sticky whiteDandruff
hair follicle
365Lesson 1 Healthy Skin Hair and Nails
THE ABCDS OF MELANOMARegularly checking the appearance of your moles forwarning signs is important for the early detection ofmelanoma
A = AsymmetryAn imaginary line drawn through the centerof the mole does not produce matching halves
B = Border irregularityNoncancerous moles have smooth edgesSuspect moles often have irregular edges
C = ColorLook for moles that are intensely black possiblywith a bluish tint or that have an uneven color
D = DiameterCheck for moles that are wider across than a pea
Give your hair dailyattention to keep it cleanand healthy How do youchoose hair care productsthat are right for your hair
A
B
C
D
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flakes Dandruff can usually be treated by washing hair with anover-the-counter dandruff shampoo If itching or scaling persistsconsult a health care professional
Head lice are tiny parasitic insects that live in the scalp hair ofhumans They feed on blood by biting through the skin of thescalp Lice are transmitted mainly by head-to-head contact and caninfect anyone They can also be acquired by using objects such ascombs or hats that have been used by an infected person Theseinsects can be eliminated by washing hair with a medicated sham-poo that kills the organisms Washing sheets pillowcases combsand hats in hot water with soap can help prevent the spread ofhead lice or a repeat infection
Your Nailsour fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead Ycells that contain keratin Nails function to protect and support
the tissues of the fingers and toes Keeping your nails healthyshould be part of your daily routine Good care includes keepingnails clean and evenly trimmed Use a nail file to shape and smoothnails and keep cuticles pushed back Trim toenails straight acrossand just slightly above skin level to reduce the risk of infection andingrown nails
Applying Health SkillsDecision Making With a partner role-playdeciding whether to get a tattoo Includethe steps of the decision-making model ina discussion on why someone might wanta tattoo and discuss the consequences tophysical health Include some dialogue ontattoo removal
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Define the terms epidermis and dermis
2 Why is early detection of skin cancer important toyour overall health
3 What is a hair follicle
Thinking Critically4 Applying Consider your daily activities in the sun
Compose a list of ways you can protect your skinfrom the sun for each activity
5 Synthesizing Explain how your overall appearancemakes a statement about how you care for yourskin hair and nails
I N T E R N E T R E S O U R C E S Find infor-mation about the complexities of tattoo removal inHealth Updates at healthglencoecom
366 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Keeping nails neatlyclipped and filed improvesyour overall appearanceList three other groominghabits that contribute to a healthy appearance
healthglencoecom
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VOCABULARYperiodontiumpulpplaqueperiodontal diseasetartar
Care of Teeth and MouthYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Identify the parts of a tooth
bull Examine the effects of health behaviors on prevention of diseasesof the teeth and mouth
bull Relate the importance of early detection and warning signs that prompt individuals to seek dental care
aintaining healthy teeth is important not only for your M appearance but also for your overall health Your teeth allowyou to chew foods properly and help form the shape and structureof your mouth In this lesson you will learn about the structure andfunction of the teeth and how to prevent tooth decay
Your Teethou may remember losing your teeth when you were younger Yonly to have new permanent teeth grow in their place
Although your permanent teeth have different shapes depending ontheir exact role in chewing food they all have the same structure
Parts of a ToothThe (per-ee-oh-DAHN-tee-uhm) is the area imme-
diately around the teeth It is made up of the gums periodontal ligament and the jawbone The structures of the periodontiumsupport the teeth and hold them in place
A tooth is made up of three main parts the crown neckand root as shown in Figure 143 on page 368 The crownis the visible portion of the tooth It is covered with enamela hard substance made of calcium that protects the teeth
periodontium
Healthy teeth are a resultof good oral hygieneExplain why it is importantto brush and floss aftermeals
On a sheet of paper make a list of ways to keep your teethhealthy Circle the behaviors you engage in regularly Put a star next to theones you would like to improve
367Lesson 2 Care of Teeth and Mouth
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368 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
CROSS-SECTION OF A TOOTHA protective layer of enamel covers the crown of a tooth Inside thetooth blood vessels supply the living tissue with oxygen and nutrients
Hold the bristle tips at a 45-degree angle against the gumline
Brush back and forth in shortstrokes Use a gentlescrubbing motion
Brush the outer surfaces ofeach tooth the inner surfacesand then the chewingsurfaces
To clean the inside surfaces ofthe front teeth tilt the brushvertically and make up-and-down strokes
Floss not only between thesurface of each tooth but alsobeneath the gum line
Effective brushing and flossing
Brushing and Flossing
Removing plaque from teethrequires two minutes of properbrushing followed by flossing
Beneath the enamel is dentin a layer of connective tissue thatcontributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth and acts as a bar-rier to protect the pulp The is the tissue that contains the bloodvessels and nerves of a tooth Pulp extends into the root canal andprovides nourishment to the tooth
Healthy Teeth and Mouthhorough regular oral hygiene is necessary for healthy clean T teeth One of the main threats to the health of your teeth is
the bacteria that inhabit your mouth and live on the sugar foundin foods you eat
is a sticky colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids thatdestroy tooth enamel and irritate gums As plaque coats a tooth it pre-vents your saliva which has substances that protect teeth from bac-teria from reaching the tooth surface In areas where plaqueaccumulates bacteria thrive and the acids from the bacteria breakdown enamel If the breakdown of enamel continues a hole orcavity is formed in a tooth The tooth can continue to decay to thepulp and may have to be removed if left untreated
Tooth decay and other diseases can be easily prevented by prac-ticing good oral hygiene Brushing teeth after eating removesplaque from the surface of the teeth before bacteria can producethe acid that harms teeth Flossing between teeth removes plaquein areas that cannot be reached with the bristles of a toothbrush
Plaque
pulp
enamel
dentin
pulp cavity with nerves and vessels
gum
gingiva
cementum
periodontal ligaments
periodontal membrane
root canal
bone
Crown
Root
Neck
96767845
Regular visits to a dental care professional are the next mostimportant part of maintaining dental health and ensuring earlydetection of dental problems These professionals will clean yourteeth and examine them for warning signs of decay
Following a well-balanced diet that includes foods containingphosphorus calcium and vitamin C helps keep your teeth strongand your gums healthy Reducing the number of sugary snackseaten between meals also helps protect your teeth from decayAvoid all tobacco products These items stain teeth and cause gumsto recede They also increase the risk of oral cancer
369Lesson 2 Care of Teeth and Mouth
Unique Formula
Whiter Teeth in Just 24 Hours
WHITE
TEETHWHITE
TEETH
Manufacturers may makeexaggerated or misleadingclaims about a product or failto explain the way the productworks
Some products use peroxide-based whiteners others containmild abrasives and polishingagents Gum irritation toothsensitivity and possible toothdamage can occur if productsare not used correctly
Identify at least two types of over-the-counter tooth whitening products Compare marketing claims with facts from the American Dental Association How can you determine which products are safe and which ones may cause damaging side effects Report your findings to the classCite your sources and explain how you know that they are reliable
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
A C T I V I T Y
Examining Product ClaimsTooth whitening products work either by removing surface stainsor by bleaching the natural tooth color The FDA does notregulate these products but the American Dental Association(ADA) approves products that meet certain standards for safety and effectiveness
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Applying Health SkillsAccessing Information Research libraryor Internet resources to learn more abouthow braces can help a person withmisalignment of the jaw or malocclusionCollect brochures to share with the class
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Define the terms periodontium and pulp
2 How does plaque affect the teeth
3 Examine the effects of health behaviors and list three that help prevent tooth decay andperiodontal disease
Thinking Critically4 Evaluating How can early detection of gum
disease affect your long-term health
5 Synthesizing How might you be able todistinguish between a person who practices good oral hygiene and one who does not
I N T E R N E T R E S O U R C E S Use Web Linksat healthglencoecom to get more information on howbraces work and options for teens who wear braces
370 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Fluoride has been foundto be an effective way toreduce tooth decay Fluoridecan be applied to teeth inseveral waysbull Many communities add
fluoride to water suppliesbull Brushing twice a day with
a fluoride toothpasteapplies fluoride directly to the teeth
bull Fluoride treatments canbe applied directly toteeth in a dental office or be prescribed for home use
Problems of the Teeth and Mouthany oral problems are caused by poor hygiene Others M result from poorly aligned teeth
Halitosis or bad breath can be caused by eating certain foodspoor oral hygiene smoking bacteria on the tongue decayedteeth or gum disease If halitosis is caused by tooth decay ordisease treatment by a dental professional is needed
an inflammation of the periodontalstructures is caused by bacterial infection Often called gumdisease periodontal disease begins with the buildup of plaqueThe hard crustlike substance formed when plaque hardens is
Plaque and tartar cause the gums to become irritatedand swollen In this early stage called gingivitis the disease isreversible through regular thorough brushing and flossingEarly detection is important since left untreated periodontaldisease can destroy the bone and tissue that support the teeth
Malocclusion means ldquobad biterdquo Sources of a malocclusioninclude extra teeth crowded teeth and the misalignment ofthe upper and lower jaws Malocclusion can lead to decay anddisease and it can affect a personrsquos speech and ability to chewSome malocclusions can be corrected by wearing braces whichreposition teeth by exerting pressure on them
tartar
Periodontal disease
healthglencoecom
11730357
VOCABULARYlacrimal glandscleracorneachoroidretina
Eye CareYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Identify the parts of the eye
bull Understand how the eye forms visual images
bull Examine the effects of health behaviors on the eye
bull Describe different types of eye problems
ore than 70 percent of the sensory informa-M tion your brain receives comes to it by way ofyour eyes The function of the eye is to gather lightThe images formed in the eye are sent to the brainwhich interprets those images The amount of lightthat enters the eye is controlled by the size of thepupil When light hits the retina light-sensitivecells are stimulated and an image is formed
Your Eyesour eyes sit in bony sockets called orbits in the front of your Yskull A layer of fat surrounds each eyeball and cushions it
inside its socket The eyebrows eyelashes and eyelids protect theeyes from foreign particles and bright light Each eye has a group of structures that make and allow drainage of tears One of thesestructures is the the gland that secretes tears intoducts that empty into the eye As you blink tears are moved across thesurface of the eye On average most humans blink about 6205000times a year Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clearof foreign particles Tears consist of water salts and mucus thatprotect the eye against infection
lacrimal gland
Make a list of activities during which some type of eyeprotection should be worn Consider both recreational and sport activitiessuch as playing hockey and tasks such as mowing the lawn
371Lesson 3 Eye Care
Like the click of a cameralens in the blink of an eye images are formed in the process of visionWhat structures helpprotect the eye
7135158
THE EYEThe optic nerve connects the eye with the brain toproduce images
372 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Parts of the Eyehe eye is made up of two main parts shown in Figure 144T the optic nerve and three layers of the eyeball wall
The outermost layer of the eye is made up of the sclera and thecornea The (SKLEHR-uh) the tough white part of the eyeis composed of tough fibrous tissue that protects the innerlayers of the eye and supports and shapes the eyeball At thefront of the eye is the cornea The is a transparent tissuethat bends and focuses light before it enters the lens
Within the middle layer of the eyewall is the (KOHR-oid) a thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera Also withinthe middle layer of the eye is the iris the colored portion of theeye that contains the pupil The pupil is the hole through whichlight reaches the inner eye The muscles of the iris control thesize of the pupil In bright light the pupil constricts in dimlight it enlarges to let in more light
The is the light-sensitive membrane on which images arecast by the cornea The light-sensitive cells in the retina are calledrods and cones each named for its basic shape Rods are verysensitive to light and allow us to see in dim light Conesfunction in bright light and allow us to see color When lightstimulates these cells a nerve impulse travels to the brain viathe optic nerve which is located at the back of the eye
retina
choroid
cornea
sclera
sclera
choroid
vitreoushumor
optic nerve
retina
cornea
lens
aqueoushumor
iris
pupil
6033383
Behind the iris and the pupil is the lens of the eye Like thecornea the lens is transparent and functions to refine the focus ofimages on the retina The area between the cornea and the lens isfilled with a watery fluid called aqueous humor Aqueous humor pro-vides nutrients to the structures of the eye Between the lens andretina is a cavity that is filled with a gelatin-like substance called vit-reous humor Vitreous humor helps the eyeball stay firm
Visionmage formation begins as light passes through the cornea I pupil and lens and reaches the retina Light rays are first
focused by the curved cornea and then the focus is refined by thelens Muscles attached to the lens contract or relax to change itsshape The lens becomes more curved to focus the eye on a nearobject it becomes flatter to focus the eye on a distant object Lightstimulates rods and cones in the retina and a nerve impulse istransmitted to the brain through the optic nerve In humans botheyes focus on the same set of objects This allows our brains tointerpret depth and judge distances
If your vision is normal a sharp image will be produced on theretina The sharpness of vision can be measured by reading an eyechart If you have 2020 vision you can stand 20 feet away from aneye chart and read the top eight lines If you have 2060 vision youcan see the chart from 20 feet the way a person with normal visionwould see it from 60 feet In other words a person with 2060vision is ldquonearsightedrdquo Reading an eye chart measures only oneaspect of vision Other components of vision include eye coordi-nation peripheral or side vision and depth perception
Healthy Eyeshere are several health behaviors you can practice every day T to help keep your eyes healthy
Follow a well-balanced diet Include foods that containvitamin A Deficiency in vitamin A could result in nightblindness reducing a personrsquos ability to see well in dim light
Protect your eyes Wear safety goggles or a mask whenparticipating in activities in which the eyes could be damagedKeep dirty hands or other objects away from your eyes toreduce the risk of eye infections and injury Wear sunglassesthat block UV light and never look directly into the sun orbright lights
Have regular eye exams Routine eye exams allow certaineye diseases to be detected and treated in their early stages
373Lesson 3 Eye Care
nerve impulse For moreinformation on nerve impulsesand the nervous system seeChapter 15 page 400
Having vision problemsdiagnosed and treatedreduces the risk of futureeye problems What aresome signs that you mayneed corrective lenses
healthglencoecom
TOPIC Virtual EyeGo to healthglencoecomfor links to moreinformation about the eye
ACTIVITY Click on the WebLinks to experience a virtualview of the eye
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374 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Rest your eyes regularly Take regular breaks while workingon the computer or when reading Looking up and away fromclose work every 10 minutes or so reduces eyestrain
Eye Problemsye problems can occur despite good health practices These Eproblems can be classified as vision problems or diseases of
the eye
Vision ProblemsTwo common vision problems reflect the inability of the eye to
properly focus light on the retina Myopia or nearsightednessresults in a person not being able to see distant objects clearly Fora person diagnosed with hyperopia or farsightedness distantobjects can be seen clearly however near objects appear blurryThese conditions can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses Inrecent years laser surgery has become an option for correctingvision problems In this procedure a laser is used to reshape thecornea in order to change its focusing power Other vision prob-lems include
Astigmatism Because of an irregularly curved cornea or lensthe eye is not able to focus properly resulting in images thatappear blurry This condition can usually be corrected withglasses contact lenses or laser surgery
Strabismus If the muscles of the eyes are weak or donrsquotfunction properly strabismus may result One or both eyes mayappear to be off-center turned inward or turned outwardTreatment includes corrective lenses vision therapy or surgery
Diseases of the EyeDiseases of the eye range from easily treated infections such
as sties and pinkeye to conditions that can threaten sight A sty is an inflamed swelling of a sebaceous gland near the eyelashConjunctivitis also known as pinkeye is an inflammation of theconjunctiva a thin membrane that covers the sclera lining of the eyelids
A serious threat to vision results from a detached retina Thisoccurs if a portion of the retina is separated from the choroid as aresult of natural aging or from an injury Warning signs includeblurred vision or seeing bright flashes of light Treatment includesusing a laser to repair a tear or surgery to reattach the retina Threeother serious eye diseases are described on the next page
The titles referring to peo-ple who work with eyes arevery similarbull Opticianmdashtechnician who
provides technical andpatient services
bull Optometristmdashdoctor ofoptometry (OD) whoexamines diagnosestreats and managesdiseases and disorders of the visual system
bull Ophthalmologistmdashmedicaldoctor who specializes inthe medical and surgicalcare of the eyes andvisual system
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Applying Health SkillsAccessing Information Research variouscommunity health services that providevision screenings for all ages such asUnite for Sight Make a pamphlet that canbe used as a reference on the availability and costs of these community services
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 List the structures that make up the three layers of
the eyeball wall
2 Give three examples of health behaviors you canpractice to care for your eyes
3 Explain the difference between myopia andhyperopia
Thinking Critically4 Analyzing How might having night blindness
affect a personrsquos activities
5 Applying How could you demonstrate the effect ofcataracts on vision
P R E S E N T A T I O N S O F T W A R E Usingpresentation software you can include art and graphicsto make an electronic slideshow See healthglencoecomfor tips on how to use presentation software
Lesson 3 Eye Care 375
Glaucoma The pressure inside the eye is normally main-tained by the aqueous and vitreous humor In glaucomaabnormally high pressure leads to irreversible damage of the retina and the optic nerve and can result in loss of sightRegular eye checkups can lead to early detection and treatmentto control the condition
Cataracts In this condition the normally transparent lensbecomes cloudy The formation of a cataract interferes with thelensrsquo ability to focus light rays making images appear blurry orvision seem foggy Treatment of a cataract is typically thesurgical removal of the old lens and replacement of it with anew artificial lens
Macular Degeneration This condition occurs when thelight-sensing cells of the macula the portion of the retinadirectly opposite the lens begin to malfunction Maculardegeneration is the leading cause of vision loss for individualsover 60 There is no cure and treatment is limited
This simple test is used toidentify people with colorblindness What othertypes of vision problemscan be identified throughregular eye exams
healthglencoecom
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_L3 12603 954 AM Page 375
94754005
VOCABULARYexternal auditory
canalauditory ossicleslabyrinthtinnitus
Ears and Hearing ProtectionYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Identify the parts of the ear
bull Examine the effects of health behaviors on the ears and hearing
bull Describe some problems of the ear
hen you attend a sporting event you can hear the crowd W cheering whistles blowing athletes yelling and musicplaying All of these stimuli add to the excitement and perhaps toyour enjoyment of the game Your ears and brain workingtogether allow you to hear and interpret sounds and form aresponse such as turning your head when you hear a friend callingyour name
Parts of the Earhe ear has three main sections each with its own unique T structures The parts of the ear are shown in Figure 145
The Outer Ear The outer ear begins with the visible part ofthe ear the auricle The auricle helps channel sound waves into the a passageway about oneinch long that leads to the remaining portion of the outer ear theeardrum The external auditory canal is lined with tiny hairsand glands that produce wax to protect the ear from dust and foreign objects The eardrum also called the tympanicmembrane is a thin membrane that acts as a barrier betweenthe outer and middle ear
external auditory canal
A health care professionalwill check your ears in aroutine physicalexamination
List any situations yoursquove experienced in the last week that involvedexposure to loud noises Review your list and then explain how you can protect yourears from the damaging effects of loud noise
376 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
66537125
INNER MIDDLE AND OUTER EARThe ear has two functions hearing and balance Identify the partsof the ear involved in hearing
The Middle Ear Directly behind the eardrum are the three small bones linked together that connect
the eardrum to the inner ear The auditory ossicles are the smallestbones in the body The middle ear is connected to the throatby the eustachian tube This tube allows pressure to be equalizedon either side of the eardrum when you swallow or yawn
The Inner Ear The inner ear or consists of anetwork of curved and spiral passages with three main partsThe cochlea is the area of hearing in the inner ear The vestibuleand semicircular canals are where balance is controlled
Hearing and Balancehen receptors in your inner ear are stimulated by a sound Wwave a nerve impulse is sent to your brain Your brain inter-
prets the impulse as a sound Sound waves enter the external audi-tory canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate The vibrations causefluid in the cochlea to move which stimulates receptor cells to senda nerve impulse to the brain where sounds are interpreted Receptorcells in the vestibule and the semicircular canals send messages tothe brain about your sense of balance Tiny hairs located in the earsense movement and send nerve impulses to the brain The brainthen signals muscles to make adjustments to maintain balance
labyrinth
auditory ossicles
377Lesson 4 Ears and Hearing Protection
How does the brainknow where the sourceof a sound is located
The ear that is closer to thesound hears it louder and alittle sooner than the otherear The brain picks out thisdifference and uses it tofigure out where the sound iscoming from This is knownas binaural hearing
semicircularcanals
cochlearnerve
vestibule
cochlea
roundwindow
eustachiantube
auricle
oval window
eardrum
temporal bone
mastoid process
external auditory canal
malleus
incus
stapes
Middle Ear
AuditoryOssicles
Outer Ear
Inner Ear(Labyrinth)
78745804
Should Noise Levels at Concerts Be ControlledA major concern at concerts is the risk of hearing loss from exposure to loud music Although
outdoor sound levels are monitored by law enforcement to prevent a public nuisance indoor soundlevels usually go unchecked Should indoor sound levels at public events be regulated
Viewpoint 1 Kyle T 16From what Irsquove learned about hearing loss I feel a limit on indoor noise at concerts should be setItrsquos impossible to talk to anyone with the music so loud I have trouble hearing for hoursafterward Irsquod like to enjoy the music without worrying that my hearing might be permanentlydamaged No wonder hearing loss among musicians is so high
Viewpoint 2 Starr L 16I agree that loud noise can affect your hearing but I think passing a law is extreme Most hearingloss can be avoided if people use common sense For example you donrsquot have to sit or dance rightin front of the speakers If itrsquos really loud I think dance organizers should make earplugsavailable A lot of musicians and DJs wear earplugs and they hear the music just fine
1 Do you think sound levels inside establishments should be monitored to protect againsthearing loss Why or why not
2 Should earplugs be made available at indoor events Would teens use them
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
A C T I V I T I E S
378 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
Health Behaviors for Healthy Earso keep your ears healthy clean them regularly and alwaysT protect the outer ear from injury and extreme cold Wear pro-
tective gear such as batting helmets when playing sports A hat thatcovers both the auricles and the earlobes should be worn in coldweather Keep foreign objects including cotton-tipped swabs outof the ear Ear infections can damage ear structures and should betreated immediately by a health care professional Have your earsexamined and your hearing tested to detect any problems
An important step you can take to protect your hearing is to avoid loud noise Exposure to loud noise over time can lead totemporary and sometimes permanent hearing loss or deafness
deafness For moreinformation on deafness see Chapter 26 page 696
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_L4 12603 955 AM Page 378
9575411
Applying Health SkillsAdvocacy Work with classmates to createa campaign that raises awareness abouthearing loss Brainstorm ways teens canreduce exposure to damaging noise levelsand protect their hearing Use effectivestrategies to promote hearing protection
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Identify the three main parts of the ear and the
structures that can be found in each part
2 Define the term tinnitus
3 Examine the effects of health behaviors on hearingWhat effect can loud noises have on hearing
Thinking Critically4 Analyzing What activities might cause the inner
ear to send mixed messages to the brain andresult in dizziness and nausea
5 Synthesizing Under what circumstances mightyou need to protect yourself from sensorineuralhearing loss How might you do so
W O R D P R O C E S S I N G Use a word-processing program to record ideas and plan yourcampaign See healthglencoecom for tips on how to getthe most out of your word-processing program
Lesson 4 Ears and Hearing Protection 379
Problems of the Earearing loss can be divided into two categories conductiveHand sensorineural
Conductive Hearing LossIn conductive hearing loss sound waves are not passed from the
outer to the inner ear usually because of a blockage or injury to theinner ear For example middle-ear infections may lead to ruptureof the eardrum Persistent buildup of fluid within the middle earoften caused by infection is most common in children
Sensorineural Hearing LossSensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the cochlea
the auditory nerve or the brain is a condition in which aringing buzzing whistling roaring hissing or other sound is heard inthe ear in the absence of external sound Tinnitus can occur as a resultof natural aging health conditions such as high blood pressure oroverexposure to loud noise To protect your ears from this condi-tion lower the volume of the source of noise Wear earplugs innoisy environments when operating machinery and at loud con-certs or sporting events Limit the length of time you are exposedto loud noise to reduce the chance of permanent damage
Tinnitus
Consideration Treating all peoplewith consideration and respect isthe first step toward forming afriendship with someone you havejust met These qualities are justas important when meeting andcommunicating with a person with a disability such as a hearingimpairment Consider the difficul-ties a hearing impairment wouldcause List suggestions forcommunicating with a hearing-impaired person in ways thatwould show consideration andrespect
healthglencoecom
122482506
H E A L T H
bull ldquoWaterproofrdquo doesnrsquot mean you donrsquot needto reapply at all Do so every two hours or afteran hour in the water
bull Sunscreens canrsquot guard against everyproblemmdashdehydration for example ldquoThe sunrsquosheat depletes the natural moisture of the skinrdquosays Wexler To replenish what yoursquove lost drinklots of water When you get out of the sun applya lightweight oil or moisturizer that containsnourishing skin-soothing ingredients like arnicashea butter or aloe vera If you have a severesunburn accompanied by swelling or blisteringconsult a doctor immediately
bull There are two types of sunscreens chemi-cal blockers (key ingredient avobenzone alsocalled Parsol 1789) absorb ultraviolet (UV) raysand physical blockers (key ingredients titaniumdioxide zinc oxide) create a layer on top of theskin that deflects UV rays Dermatologists rec-ommend using either type
bull There are two kinds of UV rays UVB(which causes sunburn and cancer) and UVA(which causes wrinkles) ldquoA high sun protectionfactor (SPF) is good but SPF only measures theUVB coveragerdquo says Yohini Appa PhD anexecutive at a major cosmetics company ldquoThemost important thing to look for on the label islsquobroad spectrum protectionrsquo which means pro-tection against both UVA and UVB raysrdquo
bull ldquoAnything under an SPF 15 is like wearingsunglasses with no lenses Itrsquos not adequateprotectionrdquo says dermatologist Patricia WexlerMD who recommends at least an SPF 30 forextensive outdoor activity
bull To cover your entire body use one ounceof sunscreen (so a 4-ounce bottle equals four applications) ldquoIf you donrsquot use enough yoursquorenot getting the level of SPF protection on thelabelrdquo explains Appa who recommends increas-ing the SPF level and applying two coats toensure complete coverage
Sunscreen 101 The
BasicsTo decode the informationon a sunscreen bottle justlook for a few key words
About Sunscreen
Imagine yoursquore at the beach Over the course of sixhours you cover yourself adequately three separatetimes from an 8-ounce tube of sunscreen (Checkback to the article for guidelines on adequate cover-age) How many total ounces of sunscreen must youuse over those six hours What percentage of thetubersquos contents will you use
380 Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_CR 12803 452 PM Page 380
10909991
381Chapter 14 Reviewhealthglencoecom
1 Communicating A young child refuses to have a bath or wash his or her hair How can you encourage him or her to change this behavior (LESSON 1)
2 Goal Setting Set a goal to brush and floss your teeth every morning andevery evening Use the goal-setting steps to help you identify behaviors thatwill help you meet this goal (LESSON 2)
3 Accessing Information Imagine that you have just been told that you needcorrective lenses Research the advantages and disadvantages of glasses andcontact lenses Make a chart that lists the pros and cons of each Use thisinformation along with the decision-making steps to determine which youwould prefer (LESSON 3)
4 Communicating You suspect that a close family member is experiencinghearing loss but he or she is not asking for help What clues might make you think this is the case How can you talk to this person about what is happening (LESSON 4)
Dental HygienistRegular dental care includes
more than just seeing the dentistMost dental offices rely on dentalhygienists to provide some routinedental care A dental hygienist can take your dental and medicalhistory clean your teeth andteach you how to achieve andmaintain good oral health
To become a dental hygienist you will need a highschool diploma or its equivalent After high schoolhygienists complete a two-year training program inwhich they earn an associatersquos degree You can find outmore about this and other health careers by clicking onCareer Corner at healthglencoecom
Parent InvolvementAdvocacy With a parent orguardian learn more about the ser-vices available for hearing-impairedindividuals in your community Arethere any services that are unavail-able in your community Discusswith family members the possiblereasons for this lack What can you do to raise aware-ness about services for the hearing impaired
School and CommunityVolunteering Locate an agency that works with indi-viduals with hearing or sight impairments Ask whetherthere are any opportunities for volunteer work within theagency Report to your class on what you have learned
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_CR 12803 452 PM Page 381
9763636
On the back of your Foldable collect information on the structure and function of hairand nails Compare their structure and function to those of skin
After You Read
Chapter 14 Review
382 Chapter 14 Review
1 Explain how the skin protects your body2 List three steps you can take to keep your
skin healthy3 Why may getting a tattoo be hazardous to
your health4 Name two functions of the teeth5 How do the foods you eat and your eating habits
affect the health of your teeth6 List three strategies for reducing bad breath7 How do the lacrimal glands contribute to the health
of your eye8 Explain how the iris and pupil regulate the amount
of light entering the inner eye9 Describe what 2060 vision means
10 What is the function of the eustachian tube11 List two actions you can take to keep your
ears healthy12 What are three causes of hearing loss
RECALLING THE FACTS Use completesentences to answer the following questions
EXPLORING HEALTH TERMS Answer thefollowing questions on a sheet of paper
Replace the underlined words with the correct term
periodontium pulptartar plaqueperiodontal disease
5 Tartar is a sticky colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums
6 Periodontium is completely preventable
Match each definition with the correct term
auditory ossicles labyrinthexternal auditory canal tinnitus
10 A passageway in the outer ear that leads to the eardrum
11 Three small bones in the middle ear12 Another name for the inner ear
Fill in the blanks with the correct term
choroid cornealacrimal gland retinasclera
The outer layer of the eyewall consists of the (_7_) thewhite part of the eye and the (_8_) the transparenttissue in the front of the eye The (_9_) is the innerlayer of the eyewall
Match each definition with the correct term
dermis epidermisdandruff hair folliclemelanin sebaceous glandssweat glands melanoma
1 A pigment that gives skin hair and eyes their color2 Structures within the skin that produce perspiration
through ducts to pores on the skinrsquos surface3 Structures within the skin that produce sebum4 A condition that can occur if the scalp becomes
too dry and dead skin cells are shed as stickywhite flakes
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_CR 12803 453 PM Page 382
13219157
383Chapter 14 Review
Chapter 14 Review
THINKING CRITICALLY1 Applying What strategies can you use to keep
track of changes in the appearance of moles onyour skin
2 Analyzing How could having advanced stages ofperiodontal disease affect other areas of your life
3 Evaluating Resting the eyes while reading orworking on the computer can help reduce eyestrainDuring which other activities should you periodicallyrest your eyes
4 Applying You have developed an ear infection fromswimming Examine the effects of health behaviorson the health of the ears What precautions couldyou take to prevent reinfection
Test PracticeTest Practice
Read the paragraphs below andthen answer the questions
Getting Hooked on Exercise
(1) Many people start exercising in order to loseweight or look better but once they begin a regularexercise program they find that exercising makesthem feel good as well as look good (2) Here aretwo simple steps to help you ldquoget hookedrdquo onexercise
(3) Schedule your workout in the same way youschedule any important activity or part of your dailylife (4) Morning works best for most people (5) Forsome later in the afternoon is the time when theyfeel the need for exercise (6) The important thing isto find the best time for you and stick to it
(7) Second discover which exercises you enjoy whichones you are best at and which ones challenge you(8) Then keep up with them (9) Learn your limitationsand avoid exercise that is beyond your strength ortoo tedious
1 What change if any should be made to sentence 3
Insert the word First at the beginning of the sentence
Delete the entire sentenceChange important to unimportantMake no change
2 What change if any should be made to sentence 7
Change discover to discoveringInsert a comma after enjoyChange exercises to exercisingMake no change
3 Write a column for a magazine or newspapersuggesting a healthy exercise or personal careroutine and describing the steps to begin it
HS_HEALTH_U05_C14_CR 13004 126 PM Page 383
TAKS
1029796
- Glencoe Health ndash Texas Edition
-
- Contents
-
- Glencoe Handbook of Texas Health
-
- Brownsville Valley Treasures
- Health Science Center at San Antonio
- Cinco de Mayo
- Oktoberfest Texas-Style
- The Edwards Aquifer
- LBJ State Park
- Texans Choose Health Careers
- Explore the McGovern Museum
- The Cooper Institute
- Keeping Your Bones Healthy
- Texas Horned Lizard
- MASH Creator
- The Debakey Heart Center
- Julian Onderdonk
-
- Unit 1 A Healthy Foundation
-
- Chapter 1 Living a Healthy Life
-
- Lesson 1 Your Health and Wellness
- Lesson 2 Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle
- Lesson 3 Your Behavior and Reducing Health Risks
- Chapter 1 Review Activities
- Chapter 1 Review
-
- Chapter 2 Building Health Skills and Character
-
- Lesson 1 Building Health Skills
- Lesson 2 Making Responsible Decisions and Setting Goals
- Lesson 3 Building Character
- Chapter 2 Review Activities
- Chapter 2 Review
-
- Chapter 3 Being a Health-Literate Consumer
-
- Lesson 1 Making Consumer Choices
- Lesson 2 Choosing Community Health Services
- Lesson 3 Managing Consumer Problems
- Lesson 4 Understanding Public Health Services
- Chapter 3 Review Activities
- Chapter 3 Review
-
- Unit 2 Physical Activity and Nutrition
-
- Chapter 4 Physical Activity for Life
-
- Lesson 1 Physical Activity and Your Health
- Lesson 2 Fitness and You
- Lesson 3 Planning a Personal Activity Program
- Lesson 4 Training and Safety for Physical Activities
- Lesson 5 Physical Activity Injuries
- Chapter 4 Review Activities
- Chapter 4 Review
-
- Chapter 5 Nutrition and Your Health
-
- Lesson 1 Nutrition During the Teen Years
- Lesson 2 Nutrients
- Lesson 3 Guidelines for Healthful Eating
- Lesson 4 Food and Healthy Living
- Chapter 5 Review Activities
- Chapter 5 Review
-
- Chapter 6 Managing Weight and Body Composition
-
- Lesson 1 Maintaining a Healthy Weight
- Lesson 2 Fad Diets and Eating Disorders
- Lesson 3 Nutrition for Individual Needs
- Chapter 6 Review Activities
- Chapter 6 Review
-
- Unit 3 Mental and Emotional Health
-
- Chapter 7 Achieving Good Mental Health
-
- Lesson 1 Your Mental and Emotional Health
- Lesson 2 Developing a Positive Identity
- Lesson 3 Understanding Emotions
- Lesson 4 Managing Emotions
- Chapter 7 Review Activities
- Chapter 7 Review
-
- Chapter 8 Managing Stress and Anxiety
-
- Lesson 1 Effects of Stress
- Lesson 2 Managing Stress
- Lesson 3 Anxiety and Teen Depression
- Lesson 4 Being a Resilient Teen
- Chapter 8 Review Activities
- Chapter 8 Review
-
- Chapter 9 Mental and Emotional Problems
-
- Lesson 1 Mental Disorders
- Lesson 2 Suicide Prevention
- Lesson 3 Getting Help
- Lesson 4 Understanding Death and Grief
- Chapter 9 Review Activities
- Chapter 9 Review
-
- Unit 4 Promoting Safe and Healthy Relationships
-
- Chapter 10 Skills for Healthy Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 Foundations of Healthy Relationships
- Lesson 2 Communicating Effectively
- Lesson 3 Resolving Conflict
- Chapter 10 Review Activities
- Chapter 10 Review
-
- Chapter 11 Family Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 The Role of the Family
- Lesson 2 Change and the Family
- Lesson 3 Dealing with Family Crises
- Lesson 4 Community Support Systems
- Chapter 11 Review Activities
- Chapter 11 Review
-
- Chapter 12 Peer Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 Safe and Healthy Friendships
- Lesson 2 Peer Pressure and Refusal Skills
- Lesson 3 Dating and Setting Limits
- Lesson 4 Abstinence A Responsible Decision
- Chapter 12 Review Activities
- Chapter 12 Review
-
- Chapter 13 Violence Prevention
-
- Lesson 1 Personal Safety
- Lesson 2 Keeping Schools Safe
- Lesson 3 Protecting Yourself from Violence
- Lesson 4 Preventing and Overcoming Abuse
- Chapter 13 Review Activities
- Chapter 13 Review
-
- Unit 5 Personal Care and Body Systems
-
- Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
-
- Lesson 1 Healthy Skin Hair and Nails
- Lesson 2 Care of Teeth and Mouth
- Lesson 3 Eye Care
- Lesson 4 Ears and Hearing Protection
- Chapter 14 Review Activities
- Chapter 14 Review
-
- Chapter 15 Skeletal Muscular and Nervous Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Skeletal System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Skeletal System
- Lesson 3 The Muscular System
- Lesson 4 The Nervous System
- Lesson 5 Care and Problems of the Nervous System
- Chapter 15 Review Activities
- Chapter 15 Review
-
- Chapter 16 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Cardiovascular System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Cardiovascular System
- Lesson 3 The Respiratory System
- Lesson 4 Care and Problems of the Respiratory System
- Chapter 16 Review Activities
- Chapter 16 Review
-
- Chapter 17 Digestive and Urinary Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Digestive System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Digestive System
- Lesson 3 The Urinary System
- Chapter 17 Review Activities
- Chapter 17 Review
-
- Chapter 18 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Endocrine System
- Lesson 2 The Male Reproductive System
- Lesson 3 The Female Reproductive System
- Chapter 18 Review Activities
- Chapter 18 Review
-
- Unit 6 Growth and Development
-
- Chapter 19 Prenatal Development and Birth
-
- Lesson 1 The Beginning of the Life Cycle
- Lesson 2 Prenatal Care
- Lesson 3 Heredity and Genetics
- Lesson 4 Infancy and Childhood
- Chapter 19 Review Activities
- Chapter 19 Review
-
- Chapter 20 Adolescence and the Life Cycle
-
- Lesson 1 AdolescencemdashUnderstanding Growth and Change
- Lesson 2 Moving Toward Adulthood
- Lesson 3 Marriage and Parenting
- Lesson 4 Health Through the Life Span
- Chapter 20 Review Activities
- Chapter 20 Review
-
- Unit 7 Tobacco Alcohol and Other Drugs
-
- Chapter 21 Tobacco
-
- Lesson 1 The Effects of Tobacco Use
- Lesson 2 Choosing to Live Tobacco Free
- Lesson 3 Promoting a Smoke-Free Environment
- Chapter 21 Review Activities
- Chapter 21 Review
-
- Chapter 22 Alcohol
-
- Lesson 1 Choosing to Be Alcohol Free
- Lesson 2 Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use
- Lesson 3 Alcohol the Individual and Society
- Chapter 22 Review Activities
- Chapter 22 Review
-
- Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
-
- Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines
- Lesson 2 Drug UsemdashA High-Risk Behavior
- Lesson 3 Marijuana Inhalants and Steroids
- Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
- Lesson 5 Living Drug Free
- Chapter 23 Review Activities
- Chapter 23 Review
-
- Unit 8 Diseases and Disorders
-
- Chapter 24 Communicable Diseases
-
- Lesson 1 What Are Communicable Diseases
- Lesson 2 Preventing Communicable Diseases
- Lesson 3 Common Communicable Disease
- Chapter 24 Review Activities
- Chapter 24 Review
-
- Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIVAIDS
-
- Lesson 1 The Risks of STIs
- Lesson 2 Common STIs
- Lesson 3 HIV and AIDS
- Lesson 4 Treatment for HIV and AIDS
- Chapter 25 Review Activities
- Chapter 25 Review
-
- Chapter 26 Noncommunicable Diseases and Disabilities
-
- Lesson 1 Cardiovascular Diseases
- Lesson 2 Cancer
- Lesson 3 Allergies Asthma Diabetes and Arthritis
- Lesson 4 Physical and Mental Challenges
- Chapter 26 Review Activities
- Chapter 26 Review
-
- Unit 9 Injury Prevention and Environmental Health
-
- Chapter 27 Injury Prevention and Safe Behaviors
-
- Lesson 1 Safety at Home and at Work
- Lesson 2 Recreation and Water Safety
- Lesson 3 Safety on the Road
- Lesson 4 Weather Emergencies and Natural Disasters
- Chapter 27 Review Activities
- Chapter 27 Review
-
- Chapter 28 First Aid and Emergencies
-
- Lesson 1 Providing First Aid
- Lesson 2 CPR and First Aid for Shock and Choking
- Lesson 3 Responding to Common Emergencies
- Lesson 4 Treatment for Poisonings
- Chapter 28 Review Activities
- Chapter 28 Review
-
- Chapter 29 Environmental Health
-
- Lesson 1 Air Quality
- Lesson 2 Protecting Land and Water
- Lesson 3 Advocating for a Healthy Environment
- Chapter 29 Review Activities
- Chapter 29 Review
-
- Appendix
-
- A Health Skills and the National Health Education Standards
- B Healthy People 2010
- C 40 Developmental Assets
- D Physical Activity and Fitness Guidelines
-
- Glossary
- Glosario
- Index
- Credits
-
- Features
-
- Health Skills Activity
- Hands-On Health Activity
- Real-Life Application
- Exploring Issues
-
- Student Worksheets
-
- Concept Mapping Activities
-
- Chapter 1 Living a Healthy Life
-
- Activity 1 Lifestyle Factors
- Activity 2 The Health Triangle
- Activity 3 Abstinence
-
- Chapter 2 Building Health Skills and Character
-
- Activity 4 Health Skills
- Activity 5 Setting Goals
- Activity 6 Traits of Good Character
-
- Chapter 3 Being a Health-Literate Consumer
-
- Activity 7 Influences on Health Decisions
- Activity 8 Health Care Professionals
- Activity 9 Help for Consumer Problems
- Activity 10 Public Health Services
-
- Chapter 4 Physical Activity for Life
-
- Activity 11 Physical Activity
- Activity 12 The Elements of Fitness
- Activity 13 Planning a Personal Activity Program
- Activity 14 Peak Physical Performance
- Activity 15 Risks of Physical Activity
-
- Chapter 5 Nutrition and Your Health
-
- Activity 16 Food Choices
- Activity 17 Role of Nutrients
- Activity 18 Dietary Guidelines
- Activity 19 Foodborne Illness
-
- Chapter 6 Managing Weight and Body Composition
-
- Activity 20 Managing Weight
- Activity 21 Risky Strategies
- Activity 22 Dietary Supplements
-
- Chapter 7 Achieving Good Mental Health
-
- Activity 23 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
- Activity 24 Personal Identity
- Activity 25 Emotions
- Activity 26 Managing Emotions