chapter 14 managing teams. learning objectives after reading this chapter, you should be able to: ...
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Chapter 14
Managing Teams
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Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter, you should be able to: Translate the benefits teams provide into
competitive advantages. Identify the different types of teams – self-
managed, parallel, project, and virtual. Track the stages of team development that occur
over the life of a project and help the team perform effectively.
Recognize the key roles that team members must play to ensure high performance.
Master the skills to detect and control team performance problems.
Manage team conflict through negotiation.
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As U.S. companies employ more knowledge workers, they are increasingly using teams to fully engage and empower workers to utilize their knowledge for the company’s advantage.
More work is being performed in teams.
The ability to manage teams has become an important skill for managers and employees.
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Justin Yuen’s presentation (Winter term) Google
Of 10,000 employees, 5,000 work in teams Multiple teams Average size of teams = 3 Easy to switch teams Use technology to assist teams
Whole Foods Organizational unit in stores and HQ: team 8 teams per store Autonomy Teams engaged in a variety of activities
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Justin’s Nike Experience Pursue sustainable initiatives Organized by Europe Footwear Shambhala
Team Launched with aid of a couple hundred
people working in teams
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Team A team is a small number of
people with complementary skills who are committed to: a common purpose, a set of performance goals, an approach for which they hold
themselves mutually accountable.
Team members interact with each other on a regular basis.
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Team (continued)
Teams share performance goals. Individuals on a team are mutually
responsible for end results. The team environment produces
synergy. This allows individuals to blend
complementary skills and talents to produce a product that is more valuable than the sum of the individual contributions.
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Work Group Members of a work group are
held accountable for their individual work.
They are not responsible for the output of the entire group.
A work group is more likely to have a strong, directive leader who seeks input from group members and then delegates work to various individuals to complete.
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Not All Groups Are Teams (1 of 2)
CollectiveIndividualWork Products
Team purpose that the team itself delivers
Same as the broader organization mission
Purpose
Individual and mutualIndividualAccountability
Shared leadership rolesStrong, clearly focused leader
Leadership
TeamWorking GroupCharacteristic
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Not All Groups Are Teams (2 of 2)
Discusses, decides, and does real work together
Discusses, decides, and delegates
Decision-making Process
Directly, by collective work products
Indirectly, by its influence on others
Performance Measurement
Open-ended discussion, active problem-solving
EfficientMeeting Style
TeamWorking GroupCharacteristic
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Skills for Managing Teams
Conflict Management Skills
Negotiation SkillsSkills for Handling
Difficult Team Members
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The Benefits of Teams
Costs and Productivity
Quality Improvement
s
Speed Innovation
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Types of Teams
Self-Managed Teams
Project Teams
Parallel Teams
Virtual Teams
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Team Characteristics
High
High
Low
Low
Duration of Team
Team
Mem
ber
Tim
e C
omm
itmen
t Project Team
Self-managed Team
Project Team
Parallel Team
Virtual TeamParallel Team
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Self-Managed Teams (SMT) Responsible for producing an entire product,
component, or service.
Formalized as part of the organization structure.
Employees are assigned to it on a full-time basis, and its duration is long.
Utilize employees whose jobs are similar but who may have different levels of skill.
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Self-Managed Teams (continued)
Team members combine their skills to produce an important organizational outcome.
Have authority to make many decisions that traditionally have been made by supervisors or managers.
Members need a variety of skills: Technical skills Management skills Interpersonal Skills
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Project Teams Work on a specific project that has a
beginning and an end. Team members work full-time until
the project is completed. Composed of members from different
functions or different technical disciplines.
Key criterion for judging team performance is meeting or exceeding milestone deadlines.
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Parallel Teams Sometimes called problem-solving teams or special-
purpose teams.
Focus on a problem or issue that requires only part-time commitment from team members.
Employee spends a few hours per week with the parallel team, and the remainder of the time on his/her regular job.
When the problem is solved the team is disbanded.
Can be of short or long duration.
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Virtual Teams Take advantage of interactive computer
technologies to enable distant people to work together.
Require only a part-time commitment. Make it possible for companies to cross
organizational boundaries: Linking customers, suppliers, and business
partners to improve the quality and increase the speed with which a new product or service is brought to the market.
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Managing Team Performance Team performance requires vigilant
management.
Factors that need to be taken into account in managing effective team performance are: The stages of team development. The roles of team members and
leaders. Team member behaviors.
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Stages of Team Development
1. Forming
2. Storming 3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning
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Roles of Team MembersTask-Facilitating Role
Direction giving
Information seeking
Information giving
Coordinating
Summarizing
Task-Facilitating Role Direction giving
Information seeking
Information giving
Coordinating
Summarizing
Relationship-Building Role
Supporting
Harmonizing
Tension relieving
Energizing
Facilitating
Relationship-Building Role
Supporting
Harmonizing
Tension relieving
Energizing
Facilitating
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Effective Ways to Enact the Role of Team Leader How can a team leader
positively influence team processes and outcomes? Take care of team members
Communicate with team members
Share power with the team
Learn to relax and admit your ignorance
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Behavioral Dimensions of Effective Teams
Team Cohesiveness Team Norms
Cooperative BehaviorTrust
Interdependence
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Interdependence
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Trust Willingness of one person to increase
vulnerability to the actions of another Willingness to stick my neck out because I
know I can rely on team member Can be created by
Communicating openly Share credit Reciprocate Avoid acting purely out of self interest (or what
goes around, comes around)
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Team Performance Problems
Free Riders
Nonconforming High Performers
Lack of Teamwork Rewards
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Video: Delta Force
Writing:
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Team Management Skills Conflict Management Skills
Functional conflict - conflict that stimulates team and organizational performance
Dysfunctional conflict - conflict that has a negative effect on team and organizational performance
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Integrating Obliging
Dominating Avoiding
Compromising
High Low
High
Low
Con
cern
for
Oth
ers
Concern for SelfSource: MA Rahim, “A Strategy for Managing Conflict in Complex Organizations, Human Relations, January 1985, p 84. Used with author’s permission.
Five Conflict-Handling StylesFive Conflict-Handling Styles
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Applying the Problem-solving style of conflict management The willingness of both parties is necessary
Convene meetings at the right time and place
Give both parties ample time to cool down
Resume discussion until a workable solution is achieved
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Negotiation Skills Win-win Style, or integrative bargaining
determine a personal bottom line understand the other party's real needs and
objectives emphasize common ground, de-emphasize
differences search for mutually agreeable solutions focus on building a relationship rather than a one-
time deal
Win-lose Style, or distributive bargaining one party will receive the most beneficial distribution of
a fixed amount of goods.
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Negotiation Skills (continued)
Three Common Mistakes of Negotiation Do not assume that a negotiation must
always result in a settlement. Avoid becoming fixated on one particular
issue in the negotiation. Do not assume that the other party has
all the power due to greater levels of experience.
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Minicase 14.2: Whole Foods Review Manager’s Notebook 14.1 and 14.2
and based on discussion question 1, discuss the following: What must happen if these companies in the
industry were to apply team work as Whole Foods does?
Write: TBA