chapter 14 concurrent enrollment. nomenclature carbonyl group carbonyl group
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 14
CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT
NOMENCLATURE Carbonyl group
Aldehyde - a compound that contains
Ketone - a compound that contains
Table 14.1 page 447Aldehyde ends in -al and ketones end in -oneLearning check 14.1 and 14.2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES With no hydrogen’s attached to the
ketones and aldehydes, no hydrogen bonding can occur
Boiling point is lower than alcohols of comparable molecular weight
Boiling point is higher than alkanes, because aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules
Table 14.2 page 450 Low weight aldehydes and ketones are
water soluble
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Oxidation
Primary Aldehyde Caboxylic alcohol Acid
Learning check 14.3 page 452
CONTINUE Tollens’ reagent
A mild oxidizing solution containing silver ions used to test for aldehydes
Look at page 453, the silver coats the surface and forms a mirror
Read over the counter page 453 Benedict’s reagent
A mild oxidizing solution containing Cu2+ ions used to test for the presence of aldehydes
Look at page 454, solution goes from blue to red if there is an aldehyde
ADDITION OF HYDROGEN AND ALCOHOL
Learning check 14.4 page 455
CONTINUE Hemiacetal A compound that contains
+ H2O
Acetal - a compound that contains
CONTINUE Hemiketal
A compound that contains Ketal
A compound that contains
+ H2O
CONTINUE How hemiacetal reactions occur page
457 Learning check 14.5 page 458 Reaction map for aldehydes and
ketones page 459 Acetals react with water to form an
aldehyde and 2 alcohols Ketals react with water to form a
ketone and 2 alcohols
IMPORTANT ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Hydrolysis Splits a water molecule, bond
breakage by reaction with water Learning check 14.6 page 460 Do examples on page 461 and
learning check 14.7 READ PAGES 462-467