Chapter 13:The High Middle AgesSection III: Organized Kingdoms Develop

Big ALWorld HistoryPeriod 6

A. England

Main Idea: Conflicts arose in England as a result of the growth of royal power.

A. England

Henry II, Common Law, and Conflicts with the Church◦ King Henry II of England, who

ruled from 1154 to 1189, became one of the most powerful European monarchs.(king and Queens)

◦ Henry II’s creation of jury systems, courts and other legal reforms contributed to the growth of English common law.

◦ One important feature of the common law system I was that people gave sworn(promised under oath) evidence in a legal trial.

A. England

King John, The Magna Carta, and Parliament◦King John was the youngest son of Henry II and

Eleanor of Aquitaine.◦ In 1215, a group of English nobles forced John to

sign the Magna Carta guaranteeing them certain basic rights.

◦The 4 rights given to the nobles in the Magna Carta included protection under the law.

B. France

Main Idea: The Capetian Dynasty in France succeeded in laying the foundations for a nation-state.

B. France

The Capetians◦ The election of Hugh Capet as king

in 987 ended a long struggle among the descendants of Charlemagne.

◦ Starting out with a small region around Paris, Hugh Capet laid foundations of the French monarchy.

◦ Hugh Capet ruled for only nine years, but he was able to establish an important principle of succession: The bishops(church leader) agreed to make monarchy hereditary.(run in the family)

B. France

The Hundred Years’ War◦In 1337, England invaded,

Normandy in France, which caused the beginning of the Hundred Years' War.

◦The war extended over the regions of five English and five French kings and lasted from 1337 to 1453.

◦As a result of the war, France assumed much of the same territory that it occupies today as a nation.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain

Main Idea: Alliances and conflicts united and divided Europe, and Christians succeeded in regaining control of Spain from the Muslims.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain

The Holy Roman Empire◦ Charlemagne’s Empire

Continued in various forms for centuries after his death in 1814.

◦ In the 1200s, the Hapsburg family took over the empire.

◦ Nationalism was slower to develop in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire than in other parts of western Europe.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain

Christians Reconquer Spain◦ The Muslims had conquered much

of Spain in the early 700’s.◦ The Christian states of Aragon and

Castile in northern Spain began a determined effort to drive the Muslims out of that region.

◦ The expulsion of the Jews from Spain marked a victory for the Spanish Inquisition(a Roman Catholic Church court that enforced the Church’s teaching).