chapter 13 section 1. middle ages franks monastery secular carolingian dynasty charlemagne
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13Section 1
Middle ages Franks Monastery Secular Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne
5th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans
Disruption of trade Merchants face
invasions, business collapses
Downfall of cities Cities abandoned
as centers of administration
Population shifts Nobles retreat to
rural areas City dwellers flee
to countryside Grew their own
food Western Europe
becomes rural
• Germanic invaders could not read or write
• Learning declined as families moved to the country
• Priests and church officials were literate
• Few could read Greek works
• Germans no written language
• Germanic speaking mixed with Romans
• Latin changed• Different dialects
developed with new words and phrases
• 800’s, French, Spanish, and other Roman based languages evolved from Latin
400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge
Concept of Government Changes Family ties personal
loyalty replace citizenship in a public state
Lived in small communities
Unwritten rules
Germanic chief led warriors
Peacetime followers lived in Chief’s hall
Gave out food, weapons, treasure
No obligation to obey a king
Not obey officials sent by king to collect taxes
Gaul- Germanic people called the Franks held power
Clovis was their leader
Brought Christianity Prayed for victory Clovis and 3,000
warriors baptized by a bishop
Church in Rome welcomed the conversion
Supported campaigns against Germanic people
511 unites the Franks into one kingdom
Partnership between Franks and the Church
600’s many German people had converted
Missionaries spread Christianity
300-400’s worked with Celts and Germans
Fear of Muslim attack caused many to convert
Monasteries is a religious community
Men called monks devote lives to God
Women called nuns went to convents
520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules
Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules
Monasteries best educated communities
600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings
Preserved Rome’s heritage
590 Gregory I Broadened papal
authority More than spiritual Became secular or
worldly power Involved with
politics Pope’s palace
center of Roman government
Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor
Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombards
Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility
Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)
England was 7 tiny kingdoms
Some no larger than Connecticut
Franks controlled the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms
511 Clovis dies Rules most of
France
700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person
Charge of royal household and estates
719 Charles Martel 732 defeats
Muslims in the Battle of Tours
Became a Christian hero
Gave power to his son Pepin the Short
Pepin worked with the Pope
Pepin fought Lombard's at church request
Carolingian Dynasty rules Franks 751-987
Ruled kingdom 6’4” tall
Built empire greater than ancient Rome
Fought Muslims in Spain
Reunited western Europe
Spread Christianity
800 Charlemagne’s empire larger than Byzantine Empire
800 traveled to Rome and put down a mob
Pope Leo II confers title of “Roman Emperor”
Joining of Germanic power and the church
Limited power of nobles
Sent out royal agents Made sure powerful
landowners governed justly
Visited parts of the kingdom
Encouragement of learning
Surrounded himself with scholars
Opened a palace school Ordered monasteries to
train monks and future priests
Louis the Pious emperor ineffective ruler
Had three sons Lothair, Charles the
Bald, Louis the German 843 Treaty of Verdun