chapter 13 north and south (1820-1860) section 3 southern cotton kingdom
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)
Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
What do you think contributed most to the continued use of enslaved workers in the South?
A. The invention of the cotton gin
B. The rise of cotton as the dominant cash crop in the South
C. The sparse population of the South
D. The lack of industry and factory work in the South
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?
Rise of the Cotton Kingdom• Eli Whitney’s cotton
gin transformed cotton production
• To the South it was the “most perfect and the most valuable invention”
• 1790- The South was an underdeveloped agricultural region
• In 1790, most Southerners lived in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina (Upper South)
Changes in the South• 1850- Population
spread inland to the Deep South
• Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas
• The economy was thriving
• But DEPENDED on slavery
• Slavery was growing stronger than ever in the South
• Due to cotton
Cotton Rules the Deep South• In colonial times, the
main crops of the South were…
• Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
• After the American Revolution, the demand for these crops decreased
• European mills wanted Southern cotton
• Cotton took a lot of work to produce and workers had to separate the sticky seeds from the cotton fibers
Making Cotton Production Easier• With Eli Whitney’sEli Whitney’s cotton gincotton gin a
worker could produce 50 times more each day
• Because the cotton gin processed cotton fibers so quickly, farmers wanted to grow more cotton to increase their profits
• Southern planters depended on slave labor to plant and pick their cotton
• The Upper South produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables
• The Deep South was COMMITTED to cotton
• The value on enslaved people increased
• The Upper South became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
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By how much did Whitney’s cotton gin increase production of cotton per day?
A. 10 times more
B. 50 times more
C. 100 times more
D. It did not increase cotton production at all.
Industry in the South• Very little manufacturing took
place in the South• The entire South had a lower
value of manufactured goods than the state of Pennsylvania
• There were many barriers to industry in the South
• 1. Cotton was so valuable (Main reason)
• 2. There was a lack of capitalcapital (Would have to sell slaves to build factories)
• 3. The market for manufactured goods in the South was small (Enslaved people didn’t have money)
• 4. Southerners simply didn’t want industry
• “As long as we have our rice, our sugar, our tobacco and our cotton, we can command wealth to produce all we want”
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D A B
C
D
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What was the main reason that the Southern economy remained largely agricultural?
A. Southerners lacked the capital to start industries.
B. Cotton sales were very profitable.
C. Southerners refused to work in factories.
D. Costs to ship goods to markets were too high.
Southern Factories• Some Southern leaders
wanted to develop industry in the South
• They realized they depended too much on the North for manufactured goods
• They also said the factories would help the less prosperous economy of the Upper South
• William GreggWilliam Gregg (S.C.) opened his own textile factory
• Joseph Reid AndersonJoseph Reid Anderson (Va) took over the Tredegar Iron Works
• During the Civil War, Tredegar provided artillery and other iron products for the Southern forces
• These industries were the exception rather than the rule in the South
Southern Transportation• Natural rivers were used
for transportation in the South
• Most towns were located on the coast or by rivers
• Few canals existed and roads were poor
• The South had fewer railroads than the North
• Southern railroads were short, local, and not interlinked
• Only 1/3 of the nation’s rail lines were in the South
• This rail shortage would seriously hinder the South during the Civil War
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?
-The South’s economy was based on agriculture/ The North’s economy was based on industry
-The South’s economy depended on slavery, while slavery had almost disappeared in the North
The demand for cotton from the South came from mills in
Mex
ico
the
North
Euro
pe A
sia
25% 25%25%25%A. Mexico
B. the North
C. Europe
D. Asia
A shortage of what would have devastating consequences for the South during the Civil
War?
can
als
railr
oads
rive
rs
road
s
25% 25%25%25%A. canals
B. railroads
C. rivers
D. roads
What did the thriving economy of the South depend on?
toba
cco
rice
sla
very
railr
oads
25% 25%25%25%A. tobacco
B. rice
C. slavery
D. railroads
Which of the following kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860?
cotto
n gin
dem
and in
Euro
pe
sla
very
larg
e pla
ntatio
ns
25% 25%25%25%A. cotton gin
B. demand in Europe
C. slavery
D. large plantations
Which area became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people throughout
the South?
Dee
p Sou
th
Upper
Sout
h
Louis
iana
South
Car
olina
25% 25%25%25%A. Deep South
B. Upper South
C. Louisiana
D. South Carolina
The main crop of the Deep South was
sugar
cane
.
toba
cco.
cotto
n.
rice
.
25% 25%25%25%A. sugarcane.
B. tobacco.
C. cotton.
D. rice.
The entire South had a lower value of manufactured goods than
Rhode
Isla
nd.
Pen
nsylv
ania
.
Ohio
.
Mas
sach
usetts
.
25% 25%25%25%A. Rhode Island.
B. Pennsylvania.
C. Ohio.
D. Massachusetts.
What South Carolina merchant opened a textile factory?
Will
iam
Gre
gg
Jose
ph Rei
d Ander
son
Eli
Whi
tney
Eyr
e Cro
we
25% 25%25%25%A. William Gregg
B. Joseph Reid Anderson
C. Eli Whitney
D. Eyre Crowe
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