chapter 13 height of medieval europe
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Height of Medieval EuropeTRANSCRIPT
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Anti-Semitism By 1100 Christians blamed Jews for
their problemsSome church leaders required Jews
to wear ID badgesWere forced from their land and had
to become peddlers and money lenders
Many moved to Eastern Europe
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The Crusades
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First Crusade Seljuks Turks threatened Constantinople Pope Urban II inspired knights &
peasants to rise up against Muslims in 1095
On the way to Jerusalem they also killed many Jews
When they conquered Jerusalem in 1099, they massacred most of the people there
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Second CrusadeMuslims regained some
land in 1145 The Pope wanted it backCrusade was led by the
French king Louis VIIQuarrelling and ineffective
leadership caused it to fail in 1149
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Third CrusadeMuslim leader Saladin
conquered Jerusalem in 1187
A unified force of kings, including King Richard from England tried to regain it
Richard fought aloneLost but gained pilgrims access to Jerusalem
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EffectsFirst Crusade gave western
Europeans a sense of powerWeakened feudalism and gained
monarchs more powerCrusaders learned much from the
Muslim and Byzantine worlds that improved civilization and pulled them out of the dark ages
Opened up new trade routes east
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Economic and Cultural Revival
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Economic ExpansionAdvances in agriculture increased
productionTrade exploded as towns grew
Goods from all over the world were once again available
Trade made it necessary to develop a money economy Led to banking, loans and a larger
decline of feudalism
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Growth of TownsDramatic Increase in towns
Overcrowding, Disease (Plague)
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Development of the Middle Class
Guilds governed business Kept quality of work, prices and
wages at a good levelArtisans & craft workers
made up the new middle class Governed towns Funded the king
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GUILD SETUP
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EducationGrowth of towns increased need for
educationAround 1150 Universities began
popping up around EuropeGreek, Roman, and Muslim writings
and science, kept safe by Muslims and Jews, led to a cultural revival
Thomas Aquinas silenced church officials wary of “reason”
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Medieval Literature & ArtTroubadours performed music about
knights and chivalryMany women, mostly nuns, were also
well-known writers & composersMost literature was in the vernacular
so that everyone could understand itGeoffrey Chaucer-”Canterbury Tales”“Beowulf”
Churches were in the Gothic Style