Chapter 13Chapter 13Early 20th-Century NovelsEarly 20th-Century Novels

From From An Outline of English LiteratureAn Outline of English Literature by Thornle by Thornley and Robertsy and Roberts

English Novels of the 20th CenturyEnglish Novels of the 20th Century

Disappearance of the British Empire (p.144)Disappearance of the British Empire (p.144) The changes in beliefs and political ideas The changes in beliefs and political ideas

were influenced strongly by the events of were influenced strongly by the events of the WWI.the WWI.

No longer held confidence in British No longer held confidence in British society, culture and political organization.society, culture and political organization.

E. M. FosterE. M. Foster Takes a completely different view of the valTakes a completely different view of the val

ues which formed and governed British sociues which formed and governed British society (p.144)ety (p.144)

Howard’s EndHoward’s End (1910) (1910) 1. Show the different beliefs of two1. Show the different beliefs of two families – the Wilcoxes (who are good at families – the Wilcoxes (who are good at making money and are connected only withmaking money and are connected only with everyday things they can see and touch) and everyday things they can see and touch) and the Schlegel sisters (concerned with deeper,the Schlegel sisters (concerned with deeper, spiritual and cultural values)spiritual and cultural values)2. Theme: to connect the everyday outer 2. Theme: to connect the everyday outer life of the Wilcoxes with the inner lifelife of the Wilcoxes with the inner life of the heart and spiritof the heart and spirit

A Passage to IndiaA Passage to India (1924) (1924)

1.1. How English governed India,How English governed India, the same sort of people as th the same sort of people as the Wilcoxes in e Wilcoxes in Howard’s End,Howard’s End, busy with traditional ways obusy with traditional ways of behaving and the apperance f behaving and the apperance of things and pepole, unable of things and pepole, unable to see the inner truth of eventto see the inner truth of eventss..

2.2. Theme: bring together opposTheme: bring together oppositesites

3.3. Failures in terms of money aFailures in terms of money and worldly importance may ind worldly importance may in fact be successful.n fact be successful.

D. H. LawrenceD. H. Lawrence

As a novelist, his job is to show how an As a novelist, his job is to show how an individual’s view of his own personality was individual’s view of his own personality was often affected by conventions of language, often affected by conventions of language, family and religion (p.146)family and religion (p.146)

Relationship between people are changing and Relationship between people are changing and movingmoving

Took the form of the traditional novel and Took the form of the traditional novel and made it wider and deepermade it wider and deeper

D. H. LawrenceD. H. Lawrence Sons and LoversSons and Lovers (1913) – p.147 (1913) – p.1471.1. Taken from his early lifeTaken from his early life2.2. Paul Morel and his relationship with his motherPaul Morel and his relationship with his mother3.3. He needs her mother to help him make sense of the world He needs her mother to help him make sense of the world

around him, but in order to become an independent man/artist, around him, but in order to become an independent man/artist, he has to struggle to become free from her influence.he has to struggle to become free from her influence.

4.4. Struggle to put the outer and inner world together in a true Struggle to put the outer and inner world together in a true relationrelation

The RainbowThe Rainbow (1915) – a family through three couples of (1915) – a family through three couples of different agesdifferent ages

Women In LoveWomen In Love (1916) – two sisters trying to understand the (1916) – two sisters trying to understand the true meaning of love and to work towards a real closeness of true meaning of love and to work towards a real closeness of soulssouls

James JoyceJames Joyce

Born and educated in Ireland (p.148)Born and educated in Ireland (p.148) DublinersDubliners (1914) -- a collection of short stories, “T (1914) -- a collection of short stories, “T

he Dead”he Dead” A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) (1916) 1.1. presents Joyce himself as a young man in the characpresents Joyce himself as a young man in the charac

ter of Stephen Dedaluster of Stephen Dedalus2.2. Shows how he gradually frees himself from the inflShows how he gradually frees himself from the infl

uence of two strong forces, political and religious feuence of two strong forces, political and religious feelings to follow his own nature and his own fateelings to follow his own nature and his own fate

James JoyceJames Joyce

UlyssesUlysses (1922) – p.149 (1922) – p.1491.1. Created a new style of writing, has no real plotCreated a new style of writing, has no real plot2.2. Allows the readers to move inside the minds of the Allows the readers to move inside the minds of the

characters, and presents their thoughts and feelings in characters, and presents their thoughts and feelings in a continuous streama continuous stream

3.3. Breaking the usual rules of description, speech and Breaking the usual rules of description, speech and punctuationpunctuation

4.4. ““Interior Monologue” or “Stream of Consciousness”Interior Monologue” or “Stream of Consciousness”5.5. A powerful influence on the work of many other A powerful influence on the work of many other

writerswriters

James JoyceJames Joyce

Finnegan’s WakeFinnegan’s Wake (1939) (1939)

1.1. Creates another new type of languageCreates another new type of language

2.2. Mixed up sentences and wordsMixed up sentences and words

3.3. Uses of references to ancient stories to Uses of references to ancient stories to express themes of (1) the nature of creation express themes of (1) the nature of creation of the artist and of God (2) the humor and of the artist and of God (2) the humor and tragedy of human lifetragedy of human life

Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf

Attempts to explore the Attempts to explore the

consciousness of her characters (p.150)consciousness of her characters (p.150) To the LighthouseTo the Lighthouse (1927) (1927)

1.1. Mr. Ramsay – represents the truth of facts Mr. Ramsay – represents the truth of facts that can be provedthat can be proved

2.2. Mrs. Ramsay – represents an attempt to find Mrs. Ramsay – represents an attempt to find the truth that lies below the factsthe truth that lies below the facts

Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf OrlandoOrlando (1928) -- Presents a character who begins (1928) -- Presents a character who begins

as a man in the 16th century and ends as a woman as a man in the 16th century and ends as a woman in 1928 (p.151)in 1928 (p.151)

The WavesThe Waves (1931) – takes six characters at different (1931) – takes six characters at different points of their lives and show how each is affected points of their lives and show how each is affected by the death of a personby the death of a person

Critical studies on literature and other subjectsCritical studies on literature and other subjects

George OrwellGeorge Orwell

Conscious of the ways in which language could be usConscious of the ways in which language could be used to hide the truth (p.157)ed to hide the truth (p.157)

Governments can use language to deceive the peopleGovernments can use language to deceive the people 19841984 (1949) (1949)1.1. Describes a future world where every word and actioDescribes a future world where every word and actio

n is seen and controlled by the staten is seen and controlled by the state2.2. Changing the language so the only words left are thosChanging the language so the only words left are thos

e for objects and ideas that the government wants the e for objects and ideas that the government wants the people to know aboutpeople to know about

3.3. This picture of the future was influenced by the hardsThis picture of the future was influenced by the hardships and political events of the WWIIhips and political events of the WWII

George OrwellGeorge Orwell