chapter 13: capital letters choices ... - wc mason handbook 13 exercises.pdfhow many schools in the...

Language and Sentence Skills Practice 257

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Choices: Investigating Capital LettersHere’s your chance to step out of the grammar book and into the real world. You may notrealize it, but examples of mechanics appear in your life every day. The following activitieschallenge you to see how capital letters function in the world around you. Do the activitybelow that suits your personality best, and then share your discoveries with your class.

GEOGRAPHY

A Mixed BagAmericans have diverse ancestries. In your ownclassroom you may find people with ties to manyplaces around the world. How many? Find out.Hand out a slip of paper to everyone in the class,and ask each person to write down the nativecountry or countries of their ancestors. Then, geta copy of a world map and record your class-mates’ ancestries on it.

FOREIGN LANGUAGES

When in RomeResearch this question: Do all languages havecapital letters? Research capitalization use in afew languages other than English, and reportyour findings to the class. Provide relevantexamples of these languages if you can.

COMPUTERS

A Font for Every PurposeComputers have made a variety of wonderfulfonts available to the general public. If you haveaccess to a computer, you may be able to findhundreds of fonts. Pick at least ten of the coolestones, and print them out. Make sure that the fontsyou choose represent a variety of uses of capitalletters. (Not all fonts use lowercase letters.) Nextto each of your fonts, identify two or three appro-priate situations for using this particular design.Post your fonts on the classroom wall.

HISTORY

Seven Wonders Can you name all Seven Wonders of the AncientWorld? Few people can. Find out about thesestructures, and prepare a short description ofeach one, making sure to capitalize correctly.Find illustrations if you can. Finally, prepare abrief presentation on the Seven Wonders, andshare it with your class.

RESEARCH

Illuminated ManuscriptGo to the library and find a copy of a page or twofrom the Book of Kells, a gospel manuscript that ishundreds of years old. Show the class how thisbeautiful manuscript uses capital letters. Usingyour source material as a model, draw or paintyour own illustration of script from the Book ofKells. Post your artwork in the classroom, alongwith a paragraph or two giving backgroundinformation about this manuscript.

DESIGN

What’s on the Menu?You are the owner of a new restaurant. Thetrademark of your restaurant is entrees inspiredby places all over the world. In fact, each item onyour menu is named after a city, town, orcountry. What are you going to put on themenu—Boston baked beans or Vietnamesespring rolls, perhaps? As you design a menu foryour new business, make sure that you includeat least a dozen proper adjectives or nouns. Youmay want to look over international cookbooksfor ideas. If you have access to a computer, youcan make your menu look professionally print-ed. If you don’t have access, that’s fine—lots offancy menus are hand printed.

WRITING

New Year’s EveBefore long, you’ll be looking at another newyear and people are going to be asking you,“What are your New Year’s resolutions?” Thinkabout the things that you would like to change inyour life. Then, pick out ten of them. Write themdown, using the format that follows: “Resolved:________.” Make sure that you capitalize the firstword in the expression that follows each colon.

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258 HOLT HANDBOOK Second Course

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NAME CLASS DATE

First Words and I and OCapitalize the first word in every sentence.

Capitalize the first word of a directly quoted sentence.EXAMPLE She said, “It will be hard to go home after this fun vacation.”

Capitalize the pronoun I.

EXAMPLE Ira said that I was the best dancer in the show.

Capitalize the interjection O.

EXAMPLE Guide and direct us, O Lord.

Capitalize the first word in both the salutation and the closing of a letter.

EXAMPLES Dear Mr. Novato: Sincerely,

EXERCISE A In each sentence below, cross out any word that has an error in capitalization and write thecorrected word above it.

Example 1. a love for reading is a great thing to develop.

1. When i was eight years old, my grandmother came to live with my family.

2. She always used to say, “great books need to be read often.”

3. Every night after dinner, my grandmother and i would settle down to read.

4. On some evenings she’d say something like “o, great bookcase! What do you have for us?”

5. then she’d close her eyes and pick the first book that she touched.

EXERCISE B In each item below, cross out any word that has an error in capitalization and write thecorrected word above it.

Example [1] recently, I’ve become interested in the great naturalist John Muir.

[6] dear Annika,

[7] how are you? I just received your last letter. [8] as always, I enjoyed hearing your stories.

[9] I appreciated your description of your favorite book, so I thought i’d tell you about a great

book I just read. [10] it’s a biography of John Muir, who founded the Sierra Club. [11] A man who

fought hard to protect the wilderness, Muir once said, “climb the mountains and get their good

tidings.” [12] After reading about him, i am eager to climb a mountain myself. [13] I haven’t

climbed a real mountain yet, but i do like to improve my skills on indoor climbing walls. [14] maybe

one day we could take a trip to a mountain together. Till then, I guess we’ll settle for writing letters.

[15] your friend,

Anna

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Proper Nouns ACapitalize proper nouns.

(1) Capitalize the names of persons and animals.

Capitalize initials in names and abbreviations that come before or after names. For names thatcontain more than one part, capitalization may vary.

EXAMPLES Franklin D. Roosevelt Shep

Willem de Kooning Walter de la Mare

Ms. Margaret Halloway Katie Brown, M.D.

EXERCISE A Circle all letters that should be capitalized in the following sentences.

Example 1. The professor named Jerald middleton seems to know everything there is to know

about william shakespeare.

1. Is there anyone in this class who can tell us Booker t. washington’s middle name?

2. I loved the picture Alex just sent us that shows her two cats, pumpkin and snowball.

3. Her daughter’s favorite essay was written by Dr. Martin luther King, jr.

4. If you are looking for a good dentist, you may want to try Joseph Dawes, d.d.s.

5. The newspaper story announced the company’s new chief financial officer: shawn t. moddes.

6. When I get my first dog, a sheltie, I will name her lassie.

7. The directions say to turn left at the street just after the sign that says “Marcia Ford, M.d.”

8. While at her friend Mandy’s house, Suzi felt awkward every time mandy’s mother called out,

“Here, susie!” and the family’s poodle came running.

9. Did the magazine article you read quote Herbert Martin, sr., or Herbert Martin, jr.?

10. When she was in high school, Jackie Joyner-kersee was on the basketball, volleyball, and

track teams.

EXERCISE B For each of the following types of common nouns, provide a corresponding proper noun. Besure to capitalize each proper noun correctly.

Example 1. name of a professional basketball player

11. pet

12. teacher

13. U.S. president

14. person in your class (include first name, middle initial, and last name)

15. doctor (followed by appropriate abbreviation)

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NAME CLASS DATE

Proper Nouns BCapitalize proper nouns.

(2) Capitalize geographical names.

EXAMPLES the Gulf of Mexico the Southwest Prince William Forest

Fifty-first Street [The second part of a hyphenated street number is notcapitalized.]

(3) Capitalize the names of planets, stars, constellations, and other heavenly bodies.

EXAMPLES Neptune Polaris Great Nebula

EXERCISE A For each item, write a C next to each common noun and a P next to each proper noun.

Example 1. Cassiopeia

1. the Milky Way 6. Ursa Minor

2. a constellation 7. the large continent

3. the Indian Ocean 8. Mediterranean Sea

4. a beautiful ocean 9. a still, silent lake

5. the southwest peak 10. Pikes Peak

EXERCISE B Circle all letters that should be capitalized in the following sentences. Draw a slash (/)through any incorrectly capitalized letters.

Example 1. A Constellation called the southern cross appears on australia’s flag.

11. Does your Uncle live in a suburb of washington, d.c., or in the city itself?

12. Reginald says to turn left on Thirty-Seventh street.

13. The only constellation Shannon can recognize immediately is orion.

14. The main business district of Omaha, nebraska, lies near the missouri river.

15. The freshwater Lakes that empty into this river are known as the great lakes.

16. Sharing its name with a mythological god, pluto is the smallest planet in our solar system.

17. A certain species of wild monkey has been living on the famous rock of gibraltar for hundreds

of years.

18. To go from austin to san antonio, he gets on interstate 35 and starts driving south.

19. My cousins have lived on peachtree lane in atlanta, georgia, for three years.

20. The largest ice cap in iceland, vatna glacier, covers more than three thousand square miles.

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Proper Nouns CCapitalize proper nouns.

(4) Capitalize the names of teams, organizations, institutions, and government bodies.

EXAMPLES Kansas City Chiefs Future Teachers of America

(5) Capitalize the names of historical events and periods, special events, holidays, and other calendar items.

EXAMPLES Malta Conference the Sixties Springfield Summer Fair

EXERCISE A Circle all letters that should be capitalized in the following sentences.

Example 1. I love to watch the city’s fireworks display every year on the fourth of july.

1. Will the post office be closed on columbus day this year?

2. How many schools in the United States have the name trinity college or trinity university?

3. The committee decided that the new school’s teams would be known as the lincoln high

panthers.

4. To punish the colonists for the rebellion known as the boston tea party, England passed a

series of laws that the colonists called the intolerable acts.

5. Can you name the country where the matches of the next world cup will be played?

6. My neighbor helped organize the parade for veterans day.

7. Are you going to New Orleans during mardi gras?

8. Next september a friend of Joe’s will begin attending the university of redlands in California.

9. The equal employment opportunity commission is known for combating workplace

discrimination.

10. Aretha’s mom has been working downtown at the department of insurance for seven years.

EXERCISE B For each of the following common nouns, provide a corresponding proper noun. Be sure tocapitalize each proper noun correctly.

Example 1. holiday

11. professional baseball team

12. historical period

13. historical event

14. government body

15. organization

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Proper Nouns DCapitalize proper nouns.

(6) Capitalize the names of nationalities, races, and peoples.

EXAMPLES Ojibway European Chinese Caucasian

(7) Capitalize the names of religions and their followers, holy days and celebrations, sacred writings,and specific deities.

EXAMPLES Roman Catholics Hanukkah Rig-Veda Allah

EXERCISE A In the items below, write a C next to each common noun and a P next to each proper noun.

Example 1. nationality

1. British

2. land

3. Germans

4. deity

5. Koran

EXERCISE B Circle all letters that should be capitalized in the following sentences.

Example 1. Have you ever taken part in a passover seder?

6. In Greek mythology, hermes is the cunning messenger of the gods known for his winged

shoes and hat.

7. Brooke and Paige just bought tickets to see their favorite celtic band play on Saturday night.

8. Lauren’s mom prepared a wonderful selection of food for the first night of rosh hashana.

9. The supreme deity of the Muslim religion, islam, is allah.

10. My two favorite dishes at that thai restaurant are ginger shrimp and cashew chicken.

11. We watched a video about the history of polynesian new zealanders, known as maoris.

12. As we drove down the street, we admired the architecture of the episcopal church to our left

and the baptist church to our right.

13. When Corey visited India, she learned more about hinduism, which is the country’s principal

religion.

14. african culture was influenced by the egyptians, who provided Africa with its earliest

civilizations.

15. One reason that Kevin is learning hebrew is to increase his understanding of the torah.

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Proper Nouns ECapitalize proper nouns.

(8) Capitalize the names of buildings and other structures.

EXAMPLES Globe Theatre Oakwood High School Brooklyn Bridge

(9) Capitalize the names of monuments, memorials, and awards.

EXAMPLES Jefferson Memorial Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Newbery Award


Example 1. bridge

1. Big Ben

2. church

3. L. C. Anderson High School

4. Majestic Theater

5. medal


Example 1. The arc de triomphe in Paris stands above France’s tomb of the unknown soldier.

6. I just noticed that construction is finally underway for atkins elementary school.

7. Did you know that the design for France’s eiffel tower was chosen from a contest?

8. Tanya watched the country music awards on TV last night, but I decided to read.

9. The handprints of celebrities appear in concrete at mann’s chinese theatre in Hollywood.

10. In 1940, William Saroyan, a writer whose work celebrates life, turned down a pulitzer prize for

a play that he said was “no more great or good” than anything else he had written.

11. When we saw a show at the paramount theater last Wednesday, we parked across the street at

the covington hotel’s parking garage.

12. In Washington this past summer, Kira saw the white house and the lincoln memorial.

13. Once called the tokyo imperial museum, the tokyo national museum showcases Japanese

calligraphy, paintings, swords, pottery, and many other kinds of art.

14. Suddenly, a booming voice came over the loudspeaker announcing that Mr. Romano had won

our school district’s educator of the year award.

15. The shape of the sydney opera house is hard to forget!

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Proper Nouns FCapitalize proper nouns.

(10) Capitalize the names of trains, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft.

EXAMPLES Sunset Limited Ajax Enola Gay Apollo 12

(11) Capitalize the names of businesses and the brand names of business products.

EXAMPLES Continental Airlines Hertz Saucony shoes Stetson hat


Example 1. Hill Country Flyer

1. train

2. USS Lexington

3. company

4. Kraft

5. Sputnik


Example 1. Every time Angela goes to ropollo’s cafe, she orders the same thing: pasta

primavera.

6. When the British ship Carpathia reached the titanic at 4:00 in the morning, just over seven

hundred people were rescued.

7. The primary corporation that provides bus travel among cities in the United States and

Canada is greyhound lines, inc.

8. Uncle Carlo was thrilled when he got the chance to unveil the sign at his brand-new store,

cornerstone books.

9. Charles Lindbergh’s plane, spirit of st. louis, had the most advanced aircraft instruments

available in the late 1920’s.

10. When my Australian friend Fiona says “nestlé,” she pronounces the name of this company as

if it rhymes with the word wrestle.

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Proper Adjectives and Names of School SubjectsCapitalize proper adjectives.

A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun and is capitalized.PROPER NOUN PROPER ADJECTIVE

Germany a German scientist

Kansas City a Kansas City landmark

Mexico a Mexican artist

William Shakespeare a Shakespearean play

Do not capitalize the names of school subjects, except course names followed by numerals and languages.

EXAMPLES After lunch I go to French class and then to art and then to Algebra I.

EXERCISE A In each sentence below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization and writethe letter correctly above the error.

Example 1. My new classes are spanish and home economics.

1. Our junior high offers french, spanish, and russian courses.

2. The Chunnel connects England and France by way of the english Channel.

3. Shakespeare was the most famous of the elizabethan playwrights.

4. We studied the sculpture of Rodin in my Art History course.

5. The canadian and mexican nations are two nations on the north american continent.

6. I am taking an american history course as well as chemistry I.

7. The United States bought the alaskan region from the russian government.

8. Are you going to take government II in summer school?

9. Must you complete algebra II before you can take a geometry class?

10. In Mrs. Bard’s Geography class this semester, we will focus on african and asian countries.

EXERCISE B For each proper noun, give a corresponding proper adjective. For each proper adjective,give a corresponding proper noun. You may consult a dictionary.

Example 1. Turkey

11. Texas

12. Celt

13. Japan

14. Jewish

15. Scandinavia

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NAME CLASS DATE

Proper Nouns and Adjectives ACapitalize proper nouns.

EXAMPLES Hal K. Moss, M.D. Lebanon Uranus Boston Celtics

February Australia the Koran the Enterprise

Capitalize proper adjectives.

EXAMPLES French Cornish South American European


EXAMPLES American history Geometry I art class German

EXERCISE A In each sentence below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization and writethe letter correctly above the error.

Example 1. Amy signed up to take swahili as her elective.

1. I’d prefer to have lunch rather than dinner at bombay grill tomorrow.

2. On May 7, 1915, the british passenger Ship Lusitania sank after being hit by a german torpedo.

3. Do you remember when David hyde Pierce won the funniest male actor award at the TV

guide Awards?

4. After attending acting 101, aaron became even more outgoing than he had been in the

first place.

5. Even though she says she wants to try something new, Kara orders enchiladas every time she

goes to a mexican Restaurant.

EXERCISE B For each proper noun, give a corresponding common noun. For each common noun, give acorresponding proper noun.

Example 1. continent

6. Norway

7. singer

8. Physics II

9. building

10. Houston Comets

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Proper Nouns and Adjectives BCapitalize proper nouns.

EXAMPLES Ms. Alice Arkeketa Twenty-third Street Mars Bureau of the Interior

Zoroastrianism Mayflower Hotel Purple Heart Banana Republic

Capitalize proper adjectives.

EXAMPLES Canadian Socratic Israeli Marxist


EXAMPLES Auto Mechanics I English literature government Russian


Example 1. Hillcrest Lane

1. highway

2. New York City

3. French Literature 305

4. Avenue F

5. general

EXERCISE B In each sentence below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization and writethe letter correctly above the error.

Example 1. Though kleenex is a Brand Name, many people use this word when referring to any

facial tissues.

6. The author of the controversial Magazine article was pat frost, m.d.

7. Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System, and it is the third farthest away from

the sun.

8. An architectural masterpiece that includes elements of greek and roman design, st. paul’s

cathedral stands in london, england.

9. Many Churches observe ash Wednesday by using ashes of palms burned after the previous

year’s palm sunday service.

10. Because his Poems mimic human thought, the works of the american poet john ashbery often

do not have a logical beginning, middle, or end.

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Titles Used with PeopleCapitalize titles.

(1) Capitalize a person’s title when the title comes before the person’s name.

Generally, a title used alone or following a person’s name is not capitalized, especially if thetitle is preceded by a, an, or the. However, a title used alone in direct address is usually capitalized.

EXAMPLES Captain Nemo Dr. Lo Ms. Kohari the colonel

How are you, Lieutenant? What did the lieutenant say?

(2) Capitalize a word showing a family relationship when the word is used before or in place of aperson’s name, unless the word follows a possessive noun or pronoun.

EXAMPLES That’s Mom. That’s my mom.

Aunt Toski Una’s aunt Toski

EXERCISE A Two choices appear in parentheses in each of the following sentences. Circle the choice that has correct capitalization.

Example 1. We have to wait only fifteen more minutes until (Uncle Marshall’s, uncle Marshall’s)

plane arrives from Minneapolis!

1. After a tense campaign, the Latin Club finally elected its next (President, president).

2. What day of the week will (Dr. Karnik, dr. Karnik) be taking another look at Catherine’s

sprained ankle?

3. If you want an opinion about crime in this town, just ask (Constable Taylor, constable taylor).

4. Serena’s (Sister Amy, sister Amy) used to be a conductor of the Seattle Girls’ Choir.

5. Our next-door neighbor was the (Mayor, mayor) of Des Moines over twenty years ago.


Example 1. My Mom’s insisting that I go to the Doctor.

6. The leader of the service this morning will be rabbi Schmidt.

7. If you ever get the chance to watch a trial at the Supreme Court, you will likely be impressed

with the Justices and their knowledge of each case.

8. Signs all around town urged voters to reelect judge Perez.

9. The candidates thanked professor Sherman for arranging the round-table discussion.

10. Marta’s Brother Marcus says he owes his interest in chemistry to professor Frazee.

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Titles of WorksCapitalize titles.

(3) Capitalize the first and last words and all important words in titles and subtitles.

EXAMPLES “Mild Attack of Locusts” The Boston Globe The Nutcracker Suite

“Chapter 5: A Look into the Future” Cats Dateline

“Home on the Range” Star Trek III: The Search for Spock

EXERCISE A In the items below, place a check mark next to each title with correct capitalization.

Examples 1. A Separate Peace

2. Yankee Thunder: the Legendary Life of Davy Crockett

1. “Golden Door: A Nation Of Immigrants”

2. Who’s The Boss?

3. The Return of the Native

4. “Section Four: Sound Effects”

5. Hagar the Horrible


Example 1. Lynne recommended that I buy a CD called Ten Year night by Lucy Kaplansky.

6. Have you ever seen the TV show the Dukes Of Hazzard?

7. The ending of Where The Red Fern Grows is too sad for Rita to read more than once.

8. My mother’s favorite song on her shine CD is “Letters To Katharine.”

9. Today’s Mother Goose & Grimm Comic Strip features the dog gnawing on its owner’s shoes.

10. At Shelly’s house we played Asteroids hyper 64 for twenty minutes, then went outside and took

a walk.

11. The April issue of Reader’s digest contains an article by Connie Chung.

12. She saw James Stewart in the play harvey at the Lillian Beaumont Theater.

13. Aunt Helen gave me a copy of the book Pride And Prejudice.

14. Have you seen the play evita, the story of Eva Peron?

15. Your assignment for next week is to read “Chapter 18: The Power Of The People.”

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Titles ACapitalize titles.


EXAMPLES Senator Bradley the senator How are you, Senator?

(2) Capitalize a word showing a family relationship when the word is used before or in place of aperson’s name, unless the word follows a possessive noun or pronoun.

EXAMPLES Uncle Kele Len’s uncle Dad my dad


EXAMPLES Star Wars: Return of the Jedi Treaty of Versailles

EXERCISE A In the items below, place a check mark next to each word group with correct capitalization.

Examples 1. The Principles Of Aikido

2. To Kill a Mockingbird

1. “Chapter 2: Lawns and Gardens”

2. my uncle Ken

3. Tokyo extreme Racer

4. Death of a Salesman

5. New Hampshire’s Governor


Example 1. How do you pronounce the word live in Lyle Lovett’s album Live In Texas?

6. “Casey at the bat” may be the most famous baseball poem ever written.

7. Jerome enjoyed the Columbia Symphony Orchestra’s version of Aaron Copland’s

Appalachian spring.

8. Do you think we could talk uncle Jerry into renting A League Of Their Own with us tonight?

9. Even though it is short, The Gettysburg address effectively describes president Lincoln’s vision

of American democracy.

10. I would love to get the chance to see the Broadway play The lion King, and then compare it to

the movie.

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Titles BCapitalize titles.


EXAMPLES Governor Benally the governor How are you, Governor?

(2) Capitalize a word showing a family relationship when the word is used before or in place of a per-son’s name, unless the word follows a possessive noun or pronoun.

EXAMPLES Cousin Abdul Otis’s cousin Grandma my grandma


EXAMPLES The Messiah the Post-Dispatch A Tale of Two Cities “The Gift of the Magi”

EXERCISE In each sentence below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization and write theletter correctly above the error.

Example 1. “A Tragedy Revealed: a Heroine’s Last Days” tells the story of Anne Frank.

1. James Whistler’s oil painting Miss Cicely Alexander: harmony In Gray and Green is realistic

and striking.

2. Who do you think will become the next Governor of Minnesota?

3. The group of young Soldiers addressed colonel Ezba with a great deal of respect.

4. How many recipes have you cut out of this issue of Cooking light magazine, grandmother?

5. Car Wheels on A Gravel Road by Lucinda Williams is a CD that aunt Shelby listens to constantly.

6. The Professor who teaches Jake’s genetics class recommended that the students read the book

jurassic Park.

7. Playing forcefully, the violin soloist amazed the audience with her performance in the

production of Vivaldi’s the four seasons.

8. What time will aunt mary and uncle theo be coming to dinner this Friday?

9. I find Walt Whitman’s poem “o captain! my captain!” rather inspiring.

10. Whenever she gets the chance, Stacy’s Aunt Thera reads the New York Times.

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NAME CLASS DATE

Review A: Capitalization

EXERCISE A In each group of words below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization andwrite the letter correctly above the error.

Example 1. delivering the San Francisco chronicle in berkeley

1. queen elizabeth II of great britain

2. the capital of missouri, jefferson city

3. 327 east seventy-second street, new york, new york

4. a Summer vacation in the mountains

5. the largest newspaper in the state of alabama


Example 1. On our trip to Washington, D.c., we saw the Lincoln memorial.

6. Of all of Harrison Ford’s movies, i like Raiders of The Lost Ark the best.

7. Which song begins with the words “o beautiful, for spacious skies”?

8. You will be a fine member of the staff of Carnegie hospital, doctor.

9. The Golden Gate bridge is in San Francisco.

10. Drive West on Route 66.

11. Many texans cheer for the football team at the University of Texas.

12. Next winter we will visit my Grandmother in South Carolina.

13. The author Nadine Gordimer won a nobel prize in 1991.

14. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are separated by the bay of fundy.

15. Brazil covers nearly half of the south american continent.

16. The United States celebrates its independence from england on the fourth of july.

17. The planet mercury is closer to the sun than is our own planet, earth.

18. Ernest hemingway wrote a book titled the old man and the sea.

19. The irish poet william butler yeats wrote “the wild swans at coole.”

20. First-year students at houston high school must take algebra I.


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Review B: Capitalization

EXERCISE A In each group of words below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization andwrite the letter correctly above the error.

Example 1. a new Huffy Bicycle

1. new hampshire’s largest city, manchester

2. the Western side of Pyramid lake

3. a member of the united states congress

4. the miami herald, a large city newspaper

5. 803 south Fifteenth avenue, Wishtree, arkansas


Example 1. the first time i saw a lion was at the San Diego zoo.

6. Which Shakespeare character said “all the world’s a stage”?

7. The poem begins “once upon a midnight dreary . . .”

8. In my art history class i saw a print of one of Dürer’s etchings.

9. Toronto is the Canadian city closest to Niagara falls.

10. Wittenberg university is in the state of Ohio.

11. The german flag has three stripes—a red one, a gold one, and a black one.

12. In what year or years did Jack Nicholson win an academy award?

13. Last Summer I went swimming in Lake Erie.

14. farmers in the midwest grow most of the nation’s wheat.

15. The Vikings were scandinavian explorers and adventurers.

16. Did you see the movie planet of the apes?

17. Mia and i enjoyed the french movie the return of martin guerre.

18. sophomores at harrington high school must take world history I.

19. When did you purchase your boat, The Sandpiper, captain?

20. College students really enjoy the dartmouth winter carnival.

NAME CLASS DATE


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NAME CLASS DATE

Review C: Capitalization

EXERCISE In each sentence below, draw a slanting line through any error in capitalization and write theletter correctly above the error.

Example 1. Where did mom set my copy of Great expectations?

1. Are you referring to the amy Shook who is a computer programmer in san Francisco?

2. One of my favorite CDs of all time is Sarah McLachlan’s surfacing.

3. The tourist stood in front of a map on the wall at grand central station.

4. When you get to the day-care center called here we grow, ask for the director, whose name is

melissa mallett.

5. According to legend, those who kiss the famous blarney stone, located near cork, ireland, will

gain the ability to persuade others.

6. When their older sister graduated with two master’s degrees, Beth and sally congratulated her

by sending her a letter addressed to ellen Sharp, m.a., M.B.A.

7. What did aunt Tamisha think of the 1999 version of a Midsummer Night’s Dream?

8. The reverend Michael Hunn, a chaplain at kent high school, coaches baseball.

9. The photography in a River Runs Through It made Maria’s Mother want to visit Montana.

10. One of the history teachers from my sister’s Middle School came in yesterday and showed us

slides from his trip to santiago, the capital city of chile.

11. Our friend katie brown dreamt that she bought a tiny monkey and named him pepe.

12. Marcus Aurelius, who became Emperor of rome in A.D. 161, is associated with the Golden Age

of rome.

13. Muted pinks and purples dominate Paul Ladnier’s work granby snow scene.

14. After your Mom turns left, look for the sign that reads, “Isabel Price, d.d.s.”

15. Was the USS nimitz named for the World War II U.S. admiral chester nimitz?

16. Gemma recommends the Web site of the Women’s Sports foundation.

17. Julie loved her tour of the alhambra, a palace in granada, Spain.

18. Sharla’s Mom is an English teacher at the local Middle School.

19. Missy’s Uncle Bruce says that he always enjoys reading The New Yorker.

20. Dorothy jeakins won an oscar for her costume designs in joan of arc.


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Proofreading Application: Web PageGood writers are generally good proofreaders. Readers tend to admire and trust writing that iserror-free. Make sure that you correct all errors in grammar, usage, spelling, and punctuationin your writing. Your readers will have more confidence in your words if you have done yourbest to proofread carefully.

Electronic card files are a helpful way for writers to display messages on a Web page. With theuse of buttons, the author of a Web page links the viewer from the page’s main section tosecondary ones. Many of these secondary sections, or electronic card files, contain pho-tographs with captions. In order to be taken seriously, Web page authors should use correctcapitalization.

PROOFREADING ACTIVITY

Each item below is a photo caption in one Web site’s electronic card files. Find and correct each capital-ization error. Use proofreading symbols to make your corrections.

Example 1. New York is sometimes known as the Empire state.

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1. New York serves as a major trade center in north america.

2. In search of a larger role in America’s Trade, New York built the Erie canal.

3. immigrants from every part of the world have come to New York.

4. Italian, Irish, Chinese, and Hispanic immigrants—as well as Russian jews—figure promi-

nently in New York’s history.

5. Many immigrants have passed by the statue of Liberty on Liberty Island.

6. New York’s transportation system, which includes John F. Kennedy International airport,

also contributes to the state’s trade success.

7. The Metropolitan museum encourages businesses to trade in this great city.

8. Columbia university draws some of the finest minds in the world.

9. Sites such as Niagara falls harness New York’s rich natural resources.

10. Those who walk on Wall street experience a sophisticated culture that has taken Centuries

to create.


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Literary Model: Poetry

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Southbound on the Freewayby May Swenson

A tourist came in fromOrbitville, parked in the air, and said:

The creatures of this starare made of metal and glass.

Through the transparent partsyou can see their guts.

Their feet are round and rollon diagrams or long

measuring tapes, darkwith white lines.

They have four eyes.The two in back are red.

Sometimes you can see a five-eyedone, with a red eye turning

on the top of his head.He must be special—

the others respect himand go slow

when he passes, windingamong them from behind.

They all hiss as they glide,like inches, down the marked

tapes. Those soft shapes,shadowy inside

the hard bodies—are theytheir guts or their brains?

EXERCISE A One of these two poems follows a cap-italization rule that applies only to poetry, while theother follows rules that apply to most sentences.

1. Which poem breaks traditional rules of capi-talizing nouns?

2. How does Dickinson’s method of capitaliz-ing affect your reading of her poem? Does itcreate a particular style?

“Southbound on the Freeway”from The Complete Poems to Solve by May Swenson. Copyright © 1993 by The Literary Estate of May Swenson. First appeared in The NewYorker, 1963. Reprinted by permission of Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Simon & Schuster’s Publishing Division.From “288: I’m Nobody! Who are you?”from The Poems of Emily Dickinson, edited by Thomas H. Johnson. Copyright © 1951, 1955, 1979, 1983 by the President andFellows of Harvard College. Published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press andthe Trustees of Amherst College.

I’m Nobodyby Emily Dickinson

I’m Nobody! Who are you?Are you Nobody too?Then there’s a pair of us!Don’t tell! they’d banish us, you know!

How dreary to be Somebody!How public—like a Frog—To tell your name the livelong JuneTo an admiring Bog!


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Literary Model (continued)

3. How does Swenson’s method of capitalizing affect your reading of her poem? Does it create aparticular style?

EXERCISE B Write a poem of at least ten lines. Use capitalization either to create a distinct style or tocause a reader to respond to certain words.

EXERCISE C

1. Explain the method of capitalizing that you used in your poem.

2. Do you think it would be effective to break traditional rules of capitalization in other forms ofwriting—for example, in book reports, essays, or business letters? Explain your answer.

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Writing Application: Brochure“Capitalize all proper nouns” sounds easy enough, and writers rarely forget to capitalizepeople’s names. Looking through Rule 13e, however, you will see that many other propernouns require capitalization. Keep in mind that names of specific people, places, and things areusually capitalized.

EXAMPLE Hal Rodgers, pitcher for the Dusty Dervishes, honed his pitching skills while attendingHeather Hills High School back in his hometown of Decatur, Iowa.

WRITING ACTIVITY

Prepare a brochure for students in your school that features a school club or community organization.Explain the purpose of the organization, and give examples of its activities. If you’d like, includequotations from members about their experience with the organization.

PREWRITING Go to at least one meeting of the organization that you have chosen. Find out about thegroup’s goals, achievements, regular activities, and special events. Interview a few peopleassociated with the group, and write down some of their responses; you may use one ormore of those responses as quotations in your brochure. Be sure to write down impor-tant information such as leaders of the group, times when the group meets, and wherethe group’s meetings take place.

WRITING Decide how to organize your brochure. Write at least five short paragraphs that will bethe text of your brochure. Determine whether or not your brochure will include artworkor photos, and design your piece accordingly.

REVISING Read over your text, and make sure you have followed all rules of capitalization. Also,think about the overall organization of your writing—have you covered all the importantparts of the club you are profiling? Rearrange anything that seems out of place, and addany details you may have missed in your first draft.

PUBLISHING Using a computer or your own artistic talents, design your brochure’s layout—arrangethe text and illustrations in an appealing way. Double-check the accuracy of informationyou have included, concentrating on the spelling and capitalization of all specific names.Then, create your brochure. Once you have turned your ideas into a brochure, you will beable to share your favorite school club with others.

EXTENDING YOUR WRITING

If you enjoyed this exercise, you could develop it into a larger writing project. Get together with one ortwo classmates, and combine your brochures into a catalog. First, write an introduction for your catalog,explaining why people should be interested in the clubs your catalog features. Then, come up with aninteresting way to bring your brochures together. Make sure the descriptions of organizations in yourcatalog fit together in a coherent and interesting way.

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