Chapter 12:Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation

1. Why should the US get involved in conflicts between England and France?

2. Why should the US not get involved in conflicts between England and France?

12.2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy1. The US didn’t have a standing army because it was expensive and citizens viewed it as a threat2. What’s going on?• British are in Canada and won’t leave Ohio Valley• Spain controls Florida and Louisiana Territory• French in a revolution and declared war on England

3. The US stays NEUTRAL! Why?

12.3 President Adams’s Dilemma: Protecting US ships

1. Isolationism/neutrality didn’t work• Why?

2. Jay’s Treaty• England agreed to leave the Ohio Valley• France said this treaty broke their treaty with the US and

started attacking US ships going to England

3. XYZ Affair• Adams sent 3 men to France to work a deal• France wouldn’t meet with them unless the US paid a

tribute (bribe)• NO WAY! “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”

12.4 What Happened: Adams Pursues Peace1. Adams wants peace for the country even though the Federalists

didn’t like it2. Napoleon is new leader of France and wants peace with US and

England3. Federalists didn’t like this policy and didn’t reelect him in 1800

12.5 President Jefferson’s Dilemma: Dealing with Pirates1. Peace didn’t last long when England and France are back in war2. England impressed American sailors3. Washington and Adams paid a tribute for trade in North Africa and now Jefferson had to decide if he would pay too. Why is this a contradiction?4. War or bribery?

12.6 What Happened: Jefferson Solves the Problem1. US attacked Tripoli for 1 year2. Jefferson continued to convince Britain and France to leave US ships

alone…they didn’t3. Embargo Act 1807• No trade with any country• Huge failure• Ended in 1809

12.7 President Madison’s Dilemma: Protecting Sailors and Settlers

1. Madison told France and England that if they stopped seizing US ships, they would stop trading with their enemy

2. France said OK, but continued to seize US ships going to England!

3. England continue to take US ships and kidnap US sailors! And…• Gave Native Americans weapons to fight US expansionHenry Clay and other “War Hawks” wanted war with England.

Wait a minute, I know that name!

12.8 What Happened: The War of 1812

1. Madison couldn’t stay neutral any more2. America tried to conquer Canada…failed3. 1814 the White House burned in DC4. Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner” while watching the British attack Fort McHenry in Baltimore, Maryland

The Battle of New Orleans1. British ships surrendered after Battle of Lake Champlain and attack

on Fort McHenry 2. Britain moved on to attack US in New Orleans3. General Andrew Jackson defended New Orleans and forced England

to surrender. HUGE victory!4. Treaty of Ghent actually signed 2 weeks earlier to end the war.

Results of War1. No clear winner. Britain said they won too.2. No land disputes settled3. Impressment stopped over time4. Native American resistance stopped5. National pride increased6. Federalist party, who opposed war, died out7. Jackson became war hero and later president of US

12.9 President Monroe’s Dilemma: A New Foreign Policy Challenge1. Returned to policy of

isolationism2. Latin America

Revolutions• Hidalgo inspired

Mexican independence from Spain

• Bolivar and San Martin led rebellion in South America from Spain

12.10 What Happened: The Monroe Doctrine1. North and South America were free and independent states and

could not be colonized by any European country.2. Europe thought Madison was arrogant3. It was a bold statement to all other nations that the US was a

strong, united country not to be messed with

Chapter 12 Reading Check1. Who agreed to leave the Ohio Valley in

Jay’s Treaty?2. Explain the XYZ Affair.3. How were both France and Britain

disrespecting US’s rights at sea?4. Why was Jefferson’s Embargo Act a

failure?5. Give 3 effects of the War of 1812.6. Explain why the Monroe Doctrine is

considered a “bold statement?”