Chapter 12 1

The Examine Process

Chapter 12

Achieving Quality Through Continual ImprovementClaude W. Burrill / Johannes Ledolter

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999

Prepared by Dr. Tomi Wahlström,

University of Southern Colorado

Chapter 12 2

Quality Control

• Although emphasis should be doing things right the first time, examination is necessary because the goals may not have been met

• Primary purpose of quality control is to prevent nonconforming products from being shipped to the customer

Chapter 12 3

Problems with Quality Control• Examination is not enforced• Examination process is not effective• Examination equipment is faulty• Examiners are not effective• Product requirements are not clear• Poor examination environment• Poor control of nonconforming product• Defect information not collected• Fails to take human side into account

Chapter 12 4

The Golden Rule

Chapter 12 5

Examination Techniques

• Observing products– Measurement, individual review, peer review,

and quality system audit

• Operating products– Testing is done by different people– Testing is conducted at different levels– Testing can be destructive– Testing is not a trivial topic

Chapter 12 6

Examining Requirements

• Some major issues to be examined– Clarity and accuracy– Completeness– Consistency– Feasible

• For custom product, the customer can be asked to examine the requirements

Chapter 12 7

Receiving Inspection

• Incoming products are examined using the following process– All products

• Visual inspection

– Custom and critical products• Scope depends of status of subcontractor

– Control of Products• Inspection status identified at each stage of

production

Chapter 12 8

In-Process Inspection

• Every task should be followed by inspection

• Sampling frequency– 100% inspection in early phases of production– Sometimes random sampling utilized

Chapter 12 9

Final Examination

• The create stage for producing a car consists of four subprocesses: specify, design, create, and examine. The last of these subprocesses answers the question “is the car defect free?” It does not directly address the question, “does the car provide what the cutomer wants?”

Chapter 12 10

Examining Goods

• Examining subcontractor products– Overall quality depends on component quality

• Measuring devices– All measuring devices need to be calibrated

properly

• Inspection– Random sampling or 100% inspection

Chapter 12 11

Examining Services• Problems:

– High subjectivity on part of customer– High variability of service– Lack of service attitude by customers– Lack of experience by customers

• Root causes:– Service process not defined– Services standards lacking– Employee training poor– Quality control not embedded into process

Chapter 12 12

External Examiners

• Building inspectors

• Federal Aviation Agency

• Federal Food and Drug Administration

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Chapter 12 13

Desk Checking• Structured procedure that an individual can use

to control the quality of a work product he or she has produced

• Performing desk checking– Develop a proper attitude– Study the requirements and standards– Review relevant checklists– Check the product– Record results

Chapter 12 14

Peer Reviews

• Structured review of work by a peer conducted in a penalty free environment

• Can be formal or informal

• Involves three to five people– Reviewee, reviewers, moderator, secretary

Chapter 12 15

Other Examination Techniques

• Reviews– Assessment by a group

• Mandatory, formal, investigative, expensive, time consuming, and extensive

• Testing– Appearance, performance, environmental

impact, stress, reliability, maintainability, life, and manufacturability

Chapter 12 16

Questions?

Chapter 12 17

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