Chapter 12 Section 3 The Cold War Expands

1950’sUS and USSR

most powerful nations in the world!

Great fear now since USSR dropped an A-Bomb in Siberia

US thought they were years away!

1952 First H-Bomb created in

US Next year Soviets made

one

Arms Race – Contest between US and USSR – who could create most powerful weapons

Over the decades, both stockpiled!

Mutually assured destruction – a policy in which the US and USSR built up tons of weapons hoping to deter a war

1952

Truman decides not to run Eisenhower wins election –

Remember???

Led the allied invasion of North Africa

FIRMLY believed in containing Communism

John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State

Both focused on stockpiling weapons

Massive Retaliation

Policy formed by Dulles

Policy of threatening to use massive force if need be

Brinkmanship – going to the brink of war could protect the US and prevent war

Stalin dies

March 5, 1953 Nikita Krushchev – new leader of

Soviet Union Much more peaceful than Stalin Improved relations with the west

Suez Crisis

Cold War tensions continue to rise

Suez Canal located in Egypt – important trade route

Had always been open for all to pass through

Egypt’s president Nassar wanted to build a dam.

US and Britain said they would fund it

Nasser decided to recognize China and USSR

Eisenhower livid and withdrew offer

Threatened oil trade

Eisenhower Doctrine

January 1957 – Promised to help any Middle East country threatened by Communism

CIA An intelligence-gathering agency Created to help curb Communism

Sputnik

Soviets launched a satellite – Sputnik (1957)

Following month – Launched a much larger satellite. Carried Laika

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Created to improve space related efforts for scientists and military

Red Scare

The overall fear that Communists wanted to destroy America!

Smith Act

Made it unlawful to teach about the overthrow of the American government

Blacklist

People that “supposedly” had ties to Communism.

Hollywood

Alger Hiss – Charged with being a Soviet spy

5 years in prison

Rosenbergs – Same…found guilty and sentenced to death

Assignment In your notebook explain the

following:

Eisenhower Doctrine Central Intelligence Agency Sputnik Laika NASA