chapter 12 science review · chapter 12 science review (forces and motion) force –any push or...
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Chapter 12 Science Review
(FORCES AND MOTION)
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Force – any push or pull(includes contact and non-contact forces)
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Combined forces – when two or more forces are working at the same time (can include contact and non-contact forces)
Examples:
Friction combined with pedaling a bike
Several people pulling on a rope in tug-of-
war
Gravity combined with a squirrel pushing
an acorn from a tree
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Friction – a contact force that goes against motion
When there is more friction, there is lessmotion. Friction slows down the motion of objects.
Friction Motion
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Examples of surfaces that create a lot of friction
Rocks/gravel
Carpet
Tall grass
Sandpaper
Concrete
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Examples of surfaces without much friction
Smooth ice
Polished floors
Smooth glass
Polished marble and granite
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When can friction
be helpful?
Friction can be helpful to prevent slipping or to help us slow down or stop when we need to stop.
Examples:
Brakes on cars and bikes
Sand or salt on an icy driveway
Jagged tips on ice skates
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What is gravity?
Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects toward each other.
Examples of how gravity works:
It pulls skydivers back towards Earth
It keeps people and objects from floating into space
It keeps the planets in orbit around the sun
Causes objects such as baseballs or apples to fall to the ground
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Simple machines
Inclined planes – i.e. ramps
Wedges – i.e. axes and knives
Screws – i.e. spiral slides and drywall
screws
Levers – i.e. seesaws
Wheel & axles – i.e. Ferris wheels, tires
Pulleys – i.e. on flagpoles and sailboats
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Simple machines and work
Simple machines do NOT create
less work.
They make it so that less force
can be used to complete the
work.
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Tug of war
When the same amount of force is applied from both teams, the rope does not move.
One team can win the game
by applying more force to the rope than the other team.
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What is work?
Work is when you use force to move an object.
When an object does not move, work has not occurred.
Examples of work:
Hauling rocks
Kicking a soccer ball across a field
Mowing the grass
Moving boxes into a van
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Speed
Speed is how fast an
object changes position.
Constant speed –when objects remain
at the same speed
Variable speed –
when objects change
directions and/or their speed
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Figure out a person’s running Speed
If Jan can run 2 miles in 14
minutes, how fast can she
run each mile?
14 ÷ 2 = 7 minutes per mile
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Magnetism
A non-contact force that causes
attraction of objects containing certain metals, such as iron, to magnets.
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Position and relative position
An object’s position has changed if it
is in a different location.
Relative position is the position of one
object compared to the position of other objects. For example, the
relative position of a racecar is
important because it is being
compared to the position of other racecars.
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Motion
You can tell an object is in
motion if its position changes.
How could you describe the
motion of a Ferris wheel? It
has a circular motion.
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If you apply the
same amount of
force to two
objects, which one
will go further?
The one that weighs less will
go further.