chapter 12 - plant nutrition. essential plant elements primary macronutrients - nitrogen (n) -...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 12 - Plant Nutrition
Essential Plant Elements
• Primary Macronutrients
- Nitrogen (N)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Potassium (K)
• Secondary Macronutrients
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Sulfur (S)
• Micronutrients
- Iron (Fe)
- Copper (Cu)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Boron (B)
- Molybdenum (Mo)
- Manganese (Mn)
- Nickel (Ni)
- Chlorine (Cl)
Nitrogen
Functions:
- component of chlorophyll, proteins and nucleic acids
- responsible for vegetative growth
deficiency symptoms (stunting, chlorosis)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic forms: NH4+, NO3
-
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen in the Soil
• very mobile and active
• form is highly dependent upon microbes
Organic N Inorganic N NH4
+
Inorganic N NO3
-
nitrification
(warm, MWD, neutral pH soils)immobilization
mineralization
(wet soils)
den
itri
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tio
nle
ach
ing
atmosphere
Phosphorus
Functions:
- the “energy” element
- needed for good root development, flowering and fruiting
- component of cell membranes
deficiency symptom (purplish coloration)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic forms: HPO4-2, H2PO4
-
Potassium
Functions:
- helps regulate stomatal opening/closing
- needed to prevent lodging (stem toppling)
- improves disease resistance
deficiency symptom (marginal scorching)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic form: K+
Calcium
Functions:
- component of cell walls and membranes
- needed for apical (tip) growth of roots and shoots
deficiency symptom (blossom end rot)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic form: Ca+2
Magnesium
Functions:
- component of chlorophyll
- assists in activating various enzyme systems
deficiency symptom (interveinal chlorosis)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic form: Mg+2
Sulfur
Functions:
- component of several amino acids
- responsible for the pungent flavors of many crops
deficiency symptoms (stunting, chlorosis)
General Information:
- variable mobility within plant
- ionic form: SO4-2
Iron
Functions:
- needed for chlorophyll production
- involved in various reactions in photosynthesis
deficiency symptom (interveinal chlorosis)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic forms: Fe+2, Fe+3
Nickel
Functions:
- needed for urea metabolism (form of N)
- especially important for legume crops
deficiency symptoms (leaf tip necrosis, deformed leaves - “mouse-ear”)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic form: Ni+2
Zinc
Functions:
- assists in activating various enzyme systems
deficiency symptoms (interveinal chlorosis, shortened internodes)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic forms: Zn+2
Manganese
Functions:
- needed for chlorophyll production
- needed for nitrogen metabolism
deficiency symptoms (interveinal chlorosis, brownish-black speckling)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic forms: Mn+2
Copper
Functions:
- needed for chlorophyll production
- assists in activating various enzyme systems
deficiency symptom (leaf tip die back)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic forms: Cu+2
Molybdenum
Functions:
- needed for nitrogen metabolism
- needed by legume crops for N fixation
deficiency symptoms (chlorosis with marginal necrosis)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic forms: MoO4-2
Boron
Functions:
- needed for integrity of cell walls and membranes
- needed to insure good pollination
deficiency symptom (abnormal apical development)
General Information:
- immobile within plant
- ionic form: H3BO3
Chlorine
Functions:
- involved in photosynthesis
- helps regulate stomatal opening/closing
toxicity symptoms (chlorosis with tip and marginal burn)
General Information:
- mobile within plant
- ionic forms: Cl-