chapter 12, part b

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case

Microbiology

B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein

AN INTRODUCTIONEIGHTH EDITION

TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE

Chapter 12, part BThe Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and

Helminths


The Algae

• Eukaryotic

• Unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular (thallic)

• Most are photoautotrophs


Algae

Table 12.1


• Brown algae (kelp)

• Cellulose + alginic acid cell walls

• Multicellular

• Chlorophyll a and c, xanthophylls

• Store carbohydrates

• Harvested for algin

Phaeophyta

Figure 12.11b


• Red algae

• Cellulose cell walls

• Most multicellular

• Chlorophyll a and d, phycobiliproteins

• Store glucose polymer

• Harvested for agar and carrageenan

Rhodophyta

Figure 12.11c


• Green algae

• Cellulose cell walls

• Unicellular or multicellular

• Chlorophyll a and b

• Store glucose polymer

• Gave rise to plants

Chlorophyta

Figure 12.12a


• Diatoms

• Pectin and silica cell walls

• Unicellular

• Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls

• Store oil

• Fossilized diatoms formed oil

• Produce domoic acid

Bacillariophyta

Figure 12.13


• Dinoflagellates

• Cellulose in plasma membrane

• Unicellular

• Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins

• Store starch

• Some are symbionts in marine animals

• Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

Dinoflagellata

Figure 12.14


The Protozoa

Table 12.1


• Eukaryotic

• Unicellular

• Chemoheterotrophs

• Vegetative form is a trophozoite

• Asexual reproduction by fission, budding, or schizogony

• Sexual reproduction by conjugation

• Some produce cysts

Protozoa

Figure 12.16


• No mitochondria

• Multiple flagella

• Giardia lamblia

• Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)

Archaezoa

Figure 12.17b-d


• No mitochondria

• Nonmotile

• Intracellular parasites

• Nosema

Microspora


• Move by pseudopods

• Entamoeba

• Acanthamoeba

Rhizopoda (amoebas)

No jpeg for Figure 21.21Figure 12.18a


• Nonmotile

• Intracellular parasites

• Complex life cycles

• Plasmodium

• Babesia

• Cryptosporidium

• Cyclospora

Apicomplexa


Plasmodium

Figure 12.19

Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human

Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced

Merozoites released into bloodsteam from liver may infect new red blood cells

Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes

1 2

3

4

6

Asexual reproduction

Intermediate host

Merozoite develops into ring stage in red blood cell

Ringstage

Merozoites

Another mosquito bites infected humnan and ingests gametocytes

7

5 Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites

Definitive host

In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote

8

Male gametocyte

Female gametocyte

Zygote

Sexualreproduction

Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito

9

Sporozoites in salivary gland


Cryptosporidium

Figure 25.19


• Move by cilia

• Complex cells

• Balantidium coli is the only human parasite

Ciliophora (ciliates)

Figure 12.20


• Move by flagella

• Photoautotrophs

• Euglenoids

• Chemoheterotrophs

• Naegleria

• Flagellated and amoeboid forms, meningoencephalitis

• Trypanosoma

• Undulating membrane, transmitted by vectors

• Leishmania

• Flagellated form in sand fly vector, ovoid form in vertebrate host

Euglenozoa


Euglenozoa

Figure 12.21


Slime Molds


• Cellular slime molds

• Resemble amoebas, ingest bacteria by phagocytosis

• Cells aggregate into stalked fruiting body.

• Some cells become spores

Cellular Slime Molds

• Plasmodial slime molds

• Multinucleated large cells

• Cytoplasm separates into stalked sporangia

• Nuclei undergo meiosis and form uninucleate haploid spores


Cellular Slime Mold

Figure 12.22


Plasmodial Slime Mold

Figure 12.23

chapter 12, part b

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