chapter 12 ecology hour4 edited

7/30/2019 Chapter 12 ECOLOGY Hour4 Edited

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Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture


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12.1 : Introduction to ecology

12.2 : Ecosystem concept

12.3 : Energy Flow through ecosystem

12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles

12.5 : Biodiversity:

Conservation & management


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Types of Pyramid


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12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles12.5 : Biodiversity:

Conservation & management


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At the end of this topic, students

should be able to;

Describe biogeochemical cycle components

(cycling pool and reservoir pool)

Explain sustainable development


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Biogeochemical is the relation between biologicaland geological/ earth components and chemical

changes

Biogeochemical cycles is the second major functionof ecosystem (along with energy flow)

Each cycle summaries the movement of chemical

elements through the living components ofecosystem

Eg ; carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle,

sulphur cycle.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL


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2 main component in biogeochemical cycle:

1. A reservoir pool

Is the portion of the earth that acts as a storehousefor the element.(hydrosphere, atmosphere & soil)

E.g : in carbon cycle & nitrogen cycle, the reservoir isthe atmosphere.


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2. An exchange/cycling pool Is the portion of the environment from which

the plants & animals take the abiotic component

from reservoir.


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Carbon cycle carbon

dioxide fixation by plants

and the counterbalancing

release of carbon dioxidein respiration.

Carbon dioxide is the

important gas of carboncycle.

CARBON CYCLE


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CARBON CYCLE

Carbon enters plants , algae,and cynobacteria as CO2

which is incorporated into

organic molecules by

photosyntesis.

Cellular respiration,

combustion and erosion oflimestone return CO2 to the

water and atmosphere (as

reservoir) , making it

available to reproduce again.


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CARBON CYCLE


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Sustainable development

Sustainable development is

development that meets the needs of

the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meettheir own needs.


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To prevent the negative

effect to the environment

Sustainable Forestry

1. Cutting limits

2. Forest reserves

3. Reforestation


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Sustainable Agriculture

Crop Rotations Contour farming

Strip Farming Terracing


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Sustainable Fishery

leaves enough fish in thesea to breed and maintain

future stocks and ensures

the environment they live in

is kept healthy


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Conservation and

preservation

Preservation implies complete

protection, with little human

disturbance

Wilderness and certain unique

habitats for wildlife must be kept

intact


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Conservation is how humans impact

organisms and of the development of

ways to protect biological diversity

Safeguarding populations of endangered

species

Preserving entire ecosystems and

landscapes


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Ecosystem management throughconservation and preservation

They are various techniques of

conservation used in ecosystem

managementNature reserves and national parks

These are habitats legally safeguarded and

patrolled by wardens

Taman Negara in Pahang are established toconserve biodiversity


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Planned land use

Certain specific areas may be set aside for

designated use

The types of activities permitted on the land are

carefully controlled by legislation

For example in Malaysia 43.50% of total forest landor 14.33 million hectares are designated as

Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) and is under

sustainable management .


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Legal protection of endangered species

Endangered species have been identified and are

protected by law which include, among others, thetigers, rhinoceros, slow loris and even the

birdwing butterfly


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Ecosystem management throughconservation and preservation

Nature reserves National Parks Planned land

Legal protection of endangered species Commercial farming


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13.0 POPULATIONECOLOGY

chapter 12 ecology hour4 edited

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