chapter 12 computer technology in health care. 12:1 introduction greatest advancement in information...
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TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 1
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12:1 INTRODUCTION
Greatest advancement in information processing since invention of printing press
Use of computers a necessity in health care
USES IN HEALTH CARE
Hospital or medical information systems (HIS or MIS)
Diagnostic testing
Education of health care personnel
Research: statistical analysis of data
COMPUTER LITERACY
Ability to understand basics of how a computer
works and applications used in your field or profession
Essential to health care professionals
Comfort in using a computer for job
Practice and experience in using computers
is necessary to develop computer literacy
HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER
First computers installed in late 1950s and early 1960s
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
Microchips
Sizes of computers
12:2 WHAT IS A COMPUTER SYSTEM?
Electronic device that is a complete
information processing system
Hardware—machine components
Software—programs or instructions
INPUT DEVICES
Information is entered into the computer by means of an input device
Computer keyboardMagnetic tapeTouch screen monitorOptical scannerMouseLight pen
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
Processes all information or data entered into the computer
Acts as the “brains” of the computer
Internal memory unit
Arithmetic and logic unit
Control unit
OUTPUT DEVICES
Output is the finished work of the computer system
Occurs after data has been processed by the CPU
Printer
Video display
Forms of output
12:3 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Word processing
Compiling databases
Scheduling
Maintaining financial records
Monitoring patients
Performing diagnostic tests
(continues)
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS(CONTINUED)
Maintaining inventories
Developing spreadsheets
Communicating through modems
EXAMPLES OF USES
Health information technician
Physician
Pharmacist
Dietician
Laboratory technician
Nurse
Environmental service worker
COMPUTER USES AND ISSUES
Hand-held portable computerConfidentiality for strict
enforcementContingency backup plan
essential
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTICS
Computer-based diagnostic tests
Analyzing blood tests
Electrocardiogram (ECG) computerized interpretation systems
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
(continues)
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR DIAGNOSTICS(CONTINUED)Positron emission tomography
(PET)UltrasonographyOncology
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
Interactive video or computer-assisted video technology
Internet for distance learning and licensure examinations
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH
Available information from the National Library
of Medicine databaseStatistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) to prepare and analyze
dataComputer technology research
world-wide, known as bioinformatics
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION
Networks—computers linked together in health care facilities
Internet—links computers located around the world
Electronic mail (e-mail)Telemedicine for medical/health
care use
(continues)
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION(CONTINUED)
E-medicine for contacting physicians
Telepharmacies speed up the process of
dispensing medicinesListserve mailing lists for sharing health information
12:4 USING THE INTERNET
Network of computer usersModem—electronic device to
send or receive data
Browser—software to access the Internet for information
Many services and sources available for the health care professional
SEARCH ENGINES
Defined as a database of Internet filesEngines include: search program,
index, and retrieval program
Types of search engines: crawler-based, human-powered, mixed
Many different search engines available
SEARCHING THE WEB
Must develop a strategyIdentify key wordsCombine key wordsVary your searchUse different search enginesEvaluate the source of all
informationIdentify the source
(continues)
SEARCHING THE WEB(CONTINUED)
Determine the authorCheck for accuracyVerify important dataLook for signs of qualityCheck for currencyHealth care workers are able to
research many topics on the Internet; can
be an excellent learning tool
12:5 COMPUTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY
Health care computerized records need to be safe and secure
Loss of information can result from electrical
problems, viruses, hackers, and breach of confidentiality
(continues)
COMPUTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY(CONTINUED)
Protecting a computer from electrical problems includes
Uninterrupted power supply (UPS)Daily backups onto compact disksStorage of data to external location
(continues)
COMPUTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY(CONTINUED)
Viruses are able to enter a computerwhen downloading information or programs
by opening e-mailswhen using different disks that contain viruses
Installation of antivirus software will
give protection(continues)
COMPUTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY(CONTINUED)
Other computers, outside programs, and hackers can gain access
Firewalls are needed for protection
Network computers only within the health care facility
Use dedicated computer to send information to outside source (continues)
COMPUTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY(CONTINUED)
Confidentiality is of the utmost importance
for patient recordsGuidelines have been
establishedRequirements of the Health
Insurance and Portability Act (HIPAA)
SUMMARY
Computers used as cost-effective and
efficient toolsEnhance quality patient careUsed for many areas of health careComputer technology has had
tremendous impact on health care
(continues)
SUMMARY(CONTINUED)
Used for health care researchInternet has opened up a
plethora of available information
Health care workers need to protect
computerized records/information