Chapter 11: The Chapter 11: The Jeffersonian Republic Jeffersonian Republic

Lasting Effects of the Federalists Lasting Effects of the Federalists

They were hated why? Sedition & Alien They were hated why? Sedition & Alien ActsActs

There was a split in their own Party There was a split in their own Party caused by: Alexander Hamilton caused by: Alexander Hamilton (Shocker) (Shocker)

Didn’t go to war w/ FranceDidn’t go to war w/ France

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)1800 Election Results

(16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Virginia Virginia Democratic-Democratic-Republican Republican 7373 52.9% 52.9%

Aaron Burr Aaron Burr New York New York Democratic-Democratic-Republican Republican 7373 52.9% 52.9%

John AdamsJohn Adams MassachusettsMassachusetts Federalist Federalist 6565 47.1% 47.1%

Charles Pinckney Charles Pinckney South CarolinaSouth Carolina Federalist Federalist 6464 46.4% 46.4%

John JayJohn Jay New YorkNew York Federalist Federalist 1 1 0.7% 0.7%

Total Number of ElectorsTotal Number of Electors 138138

Total Electoral Votes CastTotal Electoral Votes Cast 276276

Number of Votes for a MajorityNumber of Votes for a Majority 7070

1800 Election Results1800 Election Results

AdamsAdams

JeffersonJefferson

ResultsResults

Jefferson wins through a technicality (3/5) Jefferson wins through a technicality (3/5) compromise “Negro President”compromise “Negro President”

Adams got more popular vote = Jefferson Adams got more popular vote = Jefferson more electoral votesmore electoral votes

So now what happens: Aaron Burr & So now what happens: Aaron Burr & Jefferson are tied 73 to 73Jefferson are tied 73 to 73

Who decides Who decides

House of Rep Decide (Article 2 Se. 1)House of Rep Decide (Article 2 Se. 1)Decision Deadlocked for Months = Decision Deadlocked for Months =

Jefferson will win in the endJefferson will win in the endWhy? Adams & HamiltonWhy? Adams & HamiltonResult: Peaceful transfer of powerResult: Peaceful transfer of power

““Revolution of 1800”Revolution of 1800”

Why was it called this?Why was it called this?Federalists stepped down like Federalists stepped down like

responsible adultsresponsible adultsJefferson would restore the Jefferson would restore the

Presidency back to the Peoples Presidency back to the Peoples Party spirit of 1776Party spirit of 1776

Who Is JeffersonWho Is JeffersonScholar Scholar They shy SlobThey shy Slob

Designed MonticelloDesigned Monticello Pajama Greeter Pajama Greeter

Dec. of Ind.Dec. of Ind. $107,000 in debt death $107,000 in debt death

Died at 83 secret (Cold Died at 83 secret (Cold foot baths)foot baths)

Affair w/ Betsey Walker 1768 Affair w/ Betsey Walker 1768 (Best bud’s wife)(Best bud’s wife)

Wrote a book about Wrote a book about Jesus ChristJesus Christ

1787 in France stole Rice 1787 in France stole Rice (illegal) punishable by death(illegal) punishable by death

Copy Machine Copy Machine Affair w/ Sally Hemming Affair w/ Sally Hemming (Own slave) ½ sister in law(Own slave) ½ sister in law

LA Purchase 15 millLA Purchase 15 mill Sent messages to congress Sent messages to congress to be read (Wilson broke to be read (Wilson broke this)this)

Jefferson’s ChangesJefferson’s Changes

March 4, 1801 Takes office (57 yrs)March 4, 1801 Takes office (57 yrs) ““All were Federalists all were Republicans”All were Federalists all were Republicans”Freed people in Jail under the Sedition Act Freed people in Jail under the Sedition Act Returned the Alien act back to 5 yrsReturned the Alien act back to 5 yrsAbolished the Excise TaxAbolished the Excise TaxAlbert Gallatin = Reduced debt & balanced Albert Gallatin = Reduced debt & balanced

the budget (Secretary of Treasurer)the budget (Secretary of Treasurer)

Judiciary Act Crisis Judiciary Act Crisis Last Act passed by Federalists 1801Last Act passed by Federalists 1801

It created 16 new Federal Judgeships It created 16 new Federal Judgeships (life (life appointmentsappointments) = why did they do this? To ) = why did they do this? To maintain control even after they were gone maintain control even after they were gone

John Marshal becomes Supreme Court John Marshal becomes Supreme Court justice 1799) (a strong Federalists appt. by justice 1799) (a strong Federalists appt. by Adams)Adams)Also is cousin to Jefferson served during Also is cousin to Jefferson served during

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Marbury v. Madison 1803Marbury v. Madison 1803

William Marbury = Appt. to justice of Peace of William Marbury = Appt. to justice of Peace of the District of Columbia 1801the District of Columbia 1801

James Madison (Sect. of state) = Denied James Madison (Sect. of state) = Denied Marbury his job (stopped delivery)Marbury his job (stopped delivery)Marbury finds out, is furious so he SUES to get Marbury finds out, is furious so he SUES to get

the job (uses the Judiciary Act of 1789 as the job (uses the Judiciary Act of 1789 as evidence)evidence)

Goes to the Supreme Court & Chief Justice John Goes to the Supreme Court & Chief Justice John Marshal has this to say . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .Marshal has this to say . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

Result Result He single handedly answered the question He single handedly answered the question

of which branch of government gets to of which branch of government gets to decide the constitutionality of laws?decide the constitutionality of laws?Established Judicial ReviewEstablished Judicial Review = The Supreme = The Supreme

Court alone has the power to decide the Court alone has the power to decide the constitutionality of laws (constitutionality of laws (The court has no jurisdiction The court has no jurisdiction over the Executive & can not force Jefferson to give Marbury his over the Executive & can not force Jefferson to give Marbury his

seat) seat) Brilliant Brilliant Jefferson wanted revenge = Tried to impeach Jefferson wanted revenge = Tried to impeach

Samuel Chase 1804 (Supreme Court Justice) it Samuel Chase 1804 (Supreme Court Justice) it Failed to say the least Failed to say the least

Jefferson’s Foreign EntanglementsJefferson’s Foreign Entanglements

Reduced Military to 2500 menReduced Military to 2500 menReduced the Navy Reduced the Navy Drawbacks to this:Drawbacks to this:

1801 Barbary pirates (North Africa) were 1801 Barbary pirates (North Africa) were attacking U.S. merchant ships (Pasha of Tripoli) attacking U.S. merchant ships (Pasha of Tripoli) cut down the flagstaff of the U.S. consultant act cut down the flagstaff of the U.S. consultant act of war!!!!! Whyof war!!!!! WhyHe was upset b/c he was NOT getting paid He was upset b/c he was NOT getting paid

enough to protect U.S. ships (Bribe Money)enough to protect U.S. ships (Bribe Money)

Jefferson’s Response Jefferson’s Response

Sent the NavySent the NavyTook 4 LONG YEARS to end this Took 4 LONG YEARS to end this

ridiculous ”war”ridiculous ”war”What stopped it finally? Jefferson paid What stopped it finally? Jefferson paid

$60.000 to end it!!!!! Most of it was $60.000 to end it!!!!! Most of it was ransom money to get our people backransom money to get our people back

LA Purchase 1803LA Purchase 1803

1800 Napoleon secretly gets the LA Territory 1800 Napoleon secretly gets the LA Territory from Spainfrom SpainWhy? = Wanted a New World EmpireWhy? = Wanted a New World EmpireResult = Farmers who relied on the mouth of the Result = Farmers who relied on the mouth of the

MS to transport goods were furious this could ruin MS to transport goods were furious this could ruin there trade & business there trade & business

Jefferson = to overt another war sent James Jefferson = to overt another war sent James Madison & Robert Livingston send them to make Madison & Robert Livingston send them to make negotiations negotiations GOAL = Buy LA purchase land for 10 mill flatGOAL = Buy LA purchase land for 10 mill flat

ResultsResultsNapoleon gives up the Land for $15 mill (3 Napoleon gives up the Land for $15 mill (3

cents per acre) cents per acre) Why?Why?

1.1. Rebellion in Haiti & French dying from yellow fev.Rebellion in Haiti & French dying from yellow fev.

2.2. Needed money to renew his war w/ Britain Needed money to renew his war w/ Britain

Done Deal on April 30, 1803Done Deal on April 30, 1803

But this causes big But this causes big problems in Congress problems in Congress

Constitution does not mention the Constitution does not mention the President can buy LandPresident can buy Land

Jefferson took a loose interpretation Jefferson took a loose interpretation instead of a strict interp.instead of a strict interp.

Federalists wend nuts and opposed himFederalists wend nuts and opposed himWhy? Simple more land meant more settlers, Why? Simple more land meant more settlers,

that would create more states, & more that would create more states, & more farmers meant more Republicansfarmers meant more Republicans

Spring 1804 Jefferson sent 2 men to explore Spring 1804 Jefferson sent 2 men to explore his new purchase his new purchase

Aaron Burr Conspiracies Aaron Burr Conspiracies Plotted w/ a group of Extreme Plotted w/ a group of Extreme

Federalists to get New Federalists to get New England & New York to England & New York to succeed from the U.S.succeed from the U.S.

Alexander H exposed his Alexander H exposed his (dumb) plan(dumb) plan

Burr angry challenged him to Burr angry challenged him to a duel a duel

Hamilton showed up but Hamilton showed up but refused to shoot and Burr refused to shoot and Burr shot him in the head shot him in the head

This IDIOT than fled to the Trans MS area hooked up with This IDIOT than fled to the Trans MS area hooked up with a military general James Wilkinson a military general James Wilkinson

Together they tried to split the West & east to form a new Together they tried to split the West & east to form a new Confederacy (We call that TREASON)Confederacy (We call that TREASON)

Jefferson finds out then General Wilkinson betrays him Jefferson finds out then General Wilkinson betrays him and Burr gets arrested and Burr gets arrested

John Marshal states that “intentions” are not enough to John Marshal states that “intentions” are not enough to throw a man in jail you need evidence?throw a man in jail you need evidence?

So Burr gets acquitted (freed)So Burr gets acquitted (freed) Runs to France & tries to convince Napoleon to attack the Runs to France & tries to convince Napoleon to attack the

U.S. U.S.

Lesson to Be Learned Lesson to Be Learned

* When you get new land make sure you * When you get new land make sure you have the resources to govern have the resources to govern it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Staying out of War . . . AgainStaying out of War . . . AgainElection 1804 Jefferson Election 1804 Jefferson

wins 162 to 14wins 162 to 14But Economic struggles But Economic struggles

begin to effect the begin to effect the economyeconomy

Why: France & Britain Why: France & Britain are fighting & who do are fighting & who do we trade with the most?we trade with the most?

JeffersonPinckney

France was unstoppable on LandFrance was unstoppable on LandBritain had the unstoppable navy Britain had the unstoppable navy Due to their control our trade begin to shrinkDue to their control our trade begin to shrink

1806 London’s new Govt. issues the 1806 London’s new Govt. issues the “Order of “Order of Council”Council” = Closed European ports under French = Closed European ports under French Control to foreign shipping including America Control to foreign shipping including America (unless they stopped at a British port 1(unless they stopped at a British port 1stst))

Napoleon retaliated by seizing merchant ships Napoleon retaliated by seizing merchant ships again including American ships that stopped at a again including American ships that stopped at a British port 1British port 1stst

1808-1811 over 6,000 men were seized during this time 1808-1811 over 6,000 men were seized during this time Clash of the Clash of the ChesapeakeChesapeake off VA between a U.S. ship off VA between a U.S. ship

and a British ship where England sunk our ship and a British ship where England sunk our ship (Jefferson still clung to hope)(Jefferson still clung to hope)

Can We Protect Ourselves without Surrendering Our Rights?

U.S. could not be neutral either way; rights of neutrality were violated

Embargo Act (1807) = forbade any American exports to foreign nations

Did Jefferson have the authority to do this? Ah, his plan, but Congress passed the law!!

Economic Depression = Exports fell 80% in 1808 Unemployment rose; prices rose

Jefferson chose not to run for a third term Said he would honor Washington’s tradition, but did

he step aside to save his party?

The Road to War

James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State elected = major priority to fix economy and problems with Europe

Non-Intercourse Act = opened trade with all nations except Britain and France (who was left in 1809?)

Macon’s Bill No. 2 = reopened trade with Britain and France but gave Madison the right to refuse trade with either if neutrality violations continued

Causes of the War of 1812

European trade problems British failures to comply with treaties

(disrespect) War Hawks = generation of new

government officials who had not seen war

More Causes of the War of 1812

British fomented Indian unification efforts and raids Westward movement continued and angered Indians,

Indians look to British in Canada to help stop westward expansion

British had always advocated limited westward movement and Jefferson and Harrison gave Indians 2 choices: assimilate or move west of the Mississippi

Tecumseh and the Prophet; Harrison and Battle of Tippecanoe