Chapter 11Chapter 11Section 3Section 3Expansion inExpansion in

Latin AmericaLatin America

ReviewReview Cuban poet Cuban poet Jose MartiJose Marti was one of many was one of many

activists ________ from Cuba to Spain not activists ________ from Cuba to Spain not once but twice for fighting for Cuban once but twice for fighting for Cuban independenceindependence

Who published tales of Spanish atrocities in Who published tales of Spanish atrocities in Cuba in an effort to inflame American war Cuba in an effort to inflame American war sentiments?sentiments?

What was the rallying cry of the Spanish What was the rallying cry of the Spanish American War?American War?

Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who?Pacific island of Guam to who?

What did they become when the U.S. gained What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?overseas territory?

Governing Cuba and Governing Cuba and Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

President McKinley appointed President McKinley appointed General Leonard General Leonard WoodWood as governor of Cuba where he oversaw the as governor of Cuba where he oversaw the drafting of a new constitution drafting of a new constitution

In exchange for the removal of U.S. troops in Cuba, In exchange for the removal of U.S. troops in Cuba, Congress required Cuba to add the Congress required Cuba to add the Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment to their constitution. The amendment limited Cuba’s to their constitution. The amendment limited Cuba’s freedom to make treaties with other countries and it freedom to make treaties with other countries and it required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval and fueling stations and fueling stations

The Platt Amendment also made Cuba a U.S. The Platt Amendment also made Cuba a U.S. protectorateprotectorate, meaning that the U.S. promised to , meaning that the U.S. promised to protect them from other nations but reserved the right protect them from other nations but reserved the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairsto intervene in Cuba’s affairs

General Leonard WoodGeneral Leonard Wood

Continued…Continued…

Policy in Puerto Rico went another route Policy in Puerto Rico went another route The U.S. ruled the island like a territoryThe U.S. ruled the island like a territory The Foraker Act of 1900 established that The Foraker Act of 1900 established that

Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of the Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house of the legislature would be appointed by the U.S. legislature would be appointed by the U.S. Puerto Rico could appoint is lower housePuerto Rico could appoint is lower house

The Jones Act of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans The Jones Act of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and gave them the right to U.S. citizenship and gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature elect both houses of their legislature

In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self governing In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self governing commonwealth of the United States commonwealth of the United States

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal Having interests in both the Caribbean and the Having interests in both the Caribbean and the

Pacific the U.S. wanted to cut travel timePacific the U.S. wanted to cut travel time A French company began building the Panama A French company began building the Panama

Canal across the Isthmus of Panama after less Canal across the Isthmus of Panama after less than 10 years and the loss of 20,000 lives and than 10 years and the loss of 20,000 lives and more than $280 million the effort was more than $280 million the effort was abandonedabandoned

The progress was further delayed by a The progress was further delayed by a revolution by Panama against the Colombian revolution by Panama against the Colombian governmentgovernment

Helping Panama was Helping Panama was {{Philippe Bunau-VarillaPhilippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of building the who was the engineer in charge of building the canal through Panama for the French}canal through Panama for the French}

Building the Panama Building the Panama CanalCanal

Continued….Continued…. The victorious rebels quickly set up a new The victorious rebels quickly set up a new

government and declared Panama a independent government and declared Panama a independent nation nation

The U.S. began negotiating a new canal treaty with The U.S. began negotiating a new canal treaty with Bunau-Varilla they came up with the Bunau-Varilla they came up with the {{Hay-Bunau-Hay-Bunau-Varilla TreatyVarilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of the that gave the U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone}Panama Canal Zone}

Work began again on the canal in 1904 but harsh Work began again on the canal in 1904 but harsh working conditions, labor shortages and disease yet working conditions, labor shortages and disease yet again delayed constructionagain delayed construction

Finally President Roosevelt appointed a new Finally President Roosevelt appointed a new engineer and an army doctor to improve conditions engineer and an army doctor to improve conditions

{On August 15{On August 15thth 1914, after nine years, the 1914, after nine years, the Panama CanalPanama Canal was completed } was completed }

Panama Canal NowPanama Canal Now

Relations with Latin Relations with Latin AmericaAmerica

In 1823 the Monroe Doctorate cast the U.S. as In 1823 the Monroe Doctorate cast the U.S. as protector of the Western Hemisphere but protector of the Western Hemisphere but everyone kind of ignored it until the Spanish- everyone kind of ignored it until the Spanish- American War American War

In 1904 In 1904 {President Roosevelt made it clear that {President Roosevelt made it clear that he intended to enforce the Monroe Doctorate, he intended to enforce the Monroe Doctorate, what he meant by that was that he would what he meant by that was that he would use U.S. forces to protect American use U.S. forces to protect American interests in the Western Hemisphereinterests in the Western Hemisphere}}

The Dominican Republic was unable to repay its The Dominican Republic was unable to repay its European leaders. Fearing Europeans would use European leaders. Fearing Europeans would use force to collect the loans Roosevelt issued the force to collect the loans Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary pledging to use armed pledging to use armed forces to prevent any European country from forces to prevent any European country from seizing the Dominican Republic. seizing the Dominican Republic.

Continued…Continued… To satisfy the Europeans the U.S. took control To satisfy the Europeans the U.S. took control

of collecting all the Dominican customs dutiesof collecting all the Dominican customs duties After that civil unrest shook the Dominican After that civil unrest shook the Dominican

Republic, and the U.S. government sent in Republic, and the U.S. government sent in marinesmarines

The marines stayed there from 1916 to 1924 The marines stayed there from 1916 to 1924 Despite protests, U.S. intervention in Latin Despite protests, U.S. intervention in Latin

America continuedAmerica continued When Taft took over for Roosevelt he came up When Taft took over for Roosevelt he came up

with a with a {policy called {policy called dollar diplomacydollar diplomacy, it , it replaced European loans with U.S. loans in replaced European loans with U.S. loans in Latin America} Latin America}

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic

ReviewReview

Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who?the Pacific island of Guam to who?

What did they become when the U.S. What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?gained overseas territory?

Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the Philippe Bunau-Varilla who was the engineer in charge of What?engineer in charge of What?

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that gave the U.S. control of What?the U.S. control of What?